[en] The development of functional materials typically benefits from an understanding of the microscopic mechanisms by which those materials operate. To accelerate the development of organic semiconductor devices with industrial applications in flexible and printed electronics, it is essential to elucidate the mechanisms of charge transport associated with molecular-scale charge transfer. In this study, we employed Hall effect measurements to differentiate coherent band transport from site-to-site hopping. The results of tests using several different molecular systems as the active semiconductor layers demonstrate that high-mobility charge transport in recently-developed solution-crystallized organic transistors is the result of a band-like mechanism. These materials, which have the potential to be organic transistors exhibiting the highest speeds ever obtained, are significantly different from the conventional lower-mobility organic semiconductors with incoherent hopping-like transport mechanisms which were studied in the previous century. They may be categorized as “high-end” organic semiconductors, characterized by their coherent electronic states and high values of mobility which are close to or greater than 10 cm"2/Vs. - Highlights: • Transport in high-mobility solution-crystallized organic transistors is band-like. • High-end organic semiconductors carry coherent electrons with mobility > 10 cm"2/Vs. • Hall-effect measurement differentiates coherent band transport from hopping. • We found an anomalous pressure effect in organic semiconductors

[en] Correlation time of Ce electron magnetic moment,sub(T)sub(C) was measured in (Lasub(l)sub(-)sub(x)Ysub(x))Al₂ Ce by PAC. Neutron irradiation yields the dilute and uniformly distributed probe nuclei which serve as magnetic impurity. Angular correlations are attenuated by dynamical magnetic interaction due to fluctuation of Ce electron moments. The -Tsub(C) was evaluated from G₂ taking into account of the crystalline field effect. As x is increased, sub(T)sub(C) becomes less temperature dependent due to Kondo effect. The results are interpreted by the modified Suhl-Nagaoka approximation. The obtained Kondo temperatures are considerably lower than those reported in high x region. (orig.)

[en] The double-diffusive convection induced by buoyancythermocapillary action in minute drops of binary-liquid mixture evaporating on a horizontal plate is studied by holographic interferometry, shadowgraphy and direct photography and presented in this paper. Water and silicon oil are selected as the solvents with various liquids of low boiling point as the solutes. Interfacial flow patterns and drop morphology are studied together with internal flow structures, cellular formation and heat transfer mechanisms during evaporation process. The mechanisms of interfacial turbulence, spontaneous emulsification and drop surface denture are explained

[en] The superconducting proximity effect was examined in both Nb/PdNi (SF) bilayer films and Nb/PdNi/Nb (SFS) Josephson junctions. In Nb/PdNi bilayer films, nonmonotonic behavior of T_c was observed as a function of PdNi thickness d_F. The effective exchange energy E_ex extracted from the data was about 13 meV. In Nb/PdNi/Nb (SFS) Josephson junctions, the existence of a crossover between the 0 state and the π state was confirmed in the PdNi thickness dependence of I_c. For the junction with d_F = 9 nm, such a crossover was observed in the temperature dependence of I_c. E_ex estimated from the junctions characteristics was about 19 meV. These behaviors can be interpreted from the view point of a damped oscillatory superconducting order parameter induced at the SF interface.

[en] The present study examined speciation of fallout ⁹⁰Sr and stable Sr in a cultivated soil with different soil managements for three plots over 60 years: (1) F-plot, (2) FC-plot and (3) FCL-plot, where F, C and L represented chemical fertilizers, compost and lime, respectively. Four fractions of ⁹⁰Sr and stable Sr in the soil samples were individually extracted by means of 1 M CH₃COONH₄ (E2, exchangeable ions), 0.04 M NH₂OH- HCl in 25% CH₃COOH (E3, E2 + bound to Fe-Mn oxides), H₂O₂ oxidisation and then added 3.2 M CH₃COONH₄ in 20% HNO₃ (E4, E3 + bound to organic matter), and 6 M HCl after igniting at 450 deg C (E5, E4 + residue). The pHs of the water extractant in the F-, FC- and FCL-plots were 4.1, 4.7 and 6.2, respectively, and acidification of the soils in F- and FC-plots was enhanced by long-term applications of chemical fertilizers without liming. The ⁹⁰Sr concentrations of E5 fraction (total content) in the F-, FC and FCL-plots were 0.21, 0.89 and 1.8 Bq kg^-1, respectively. The ⁹⁰Sr contents in the four fractions decreased with acidification, and the application of compost inhibited the desorption of ⁹⁰Sr in the soil. The ⁹⁰Sr concentrations in the fractions increased in order of E2< E3< E4 for the F- and FC-plots, however, those in the E3 and E4 fractions in the FCL-plot were similar to the E5 fraction. Consequently, the concentration of ⁹⁰Sr in the cultivated soil varies with the type of soil amendments, and the distribution of the ⁹⁰Sr concentration in the fractions is also changed. The concentration of ⁹⁰Sr in each fraction had a good correlation with that of stable Sr, and the ratio of ⁹⁰Sr to stable Sr in the fractions will be discussed. This work was supported by a grant from the Aomori Prefectural Government, Japan. (author)

[en] Nuclear quadrupole resonance and relaxation (NQR) measurement have been performed for ^63,65Cu and ¹³⁹La in La_2-xSr_xCuO_y with various Sr and oxygen contents. On decreasing the oxygen content, y, the authors have observed a microscopic separation between different magnetic phases of copper for x ≥ 0.15, one of which is metallic and superconducting and the other is insulating and antiferromagnetic

No abstract available

[en] Nuclear quadrupole resonance and relaxation (NQR) measurements have been performed for ^63,65Cu and ¹³⁹La in La_2-xSr_xCuO_y with various Sr and oxygen contents. On decreasing the oxygen content, y, we have observed a microsocpic separation between different magnetic phases of copper of x ≥ 0.15, one of which is metallic and superconducting and the other is insulating and antiferromagnetic. (orig.)

[en] The insulating and/or structural materials for the fusion superconducting magnets are used under such strict environments as the cryogenic temperatures, high stresses and radiation environments. It is recognized that the usual laminated composite materials reinforced by glass clothes (2D-GFRP) are difficult to be used in such strict conditions. The three dimensional glass fabric reinforced composite materials (3D-GFRP) have high interlaminar shear strength due to the fibers in thickness direction. The cryogenic and radiation resistance properties of 3D-GFRP had been measured and the results compared with those of the 2D-GFRP

[en] We manufactured a small pulsed tokamak with force balanced coils (FBCs), which balance the net centering force and the net radial hoop force due to the poloidal and toroidal current components, respectively. The centering force was demonstrated to be reduced by an order of magnitude compared with the computed one of the TF coils of the same dimension. The plasma current up to 10 kA was achieved by two-step FBC magnetization since the force-balanced winding provides not only toroidal magnetic fields but also the poloidal magnetic flux to induce the plasma current. The plasma column was well centered in the vacuum vessel within the time constant of shell effects of the vessel. (author)