No abstract available

[en] The effect of ionizing irradiation on the synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2) by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells was determined. PGI2 was measured in the culture medium by a radioimmunoassay for 6-Keto PGF1 alpha. Two phenomena were observed following irradiation: a) Cells which suffered an immediate radiation damage (1000-5000 rads) released high quantities of PGI2 to the culture medium. This was due to a de novo synthesis of PGI2 stimulated by radiation induced cellular damage, since pretreatment with aspirin of the endothelial cell monolayers resulted in a marked inhibition of PGI2 release following irradiation. b) Metabolically active cells which remained confluent and firmly attached to the culture dish following single, low and intermediate doses (200-1200 rads) radiation, exhibited a marked decrease in their capacity to synthesize PGI2 upon exposure to various stimuli of the arachidonic acid cascade. Similar results were observed with cells treated with fractionated radiation. The quantities of PGI2 produced by the endothelial cells decreased as a function of the dose of radiation and time interval between irradiation and subsequent stimulation. The effect of radiation on PGI2 production by the vascular endothelium may be relevant to the development of radiation induced capillary occlusions, and the enhancement of atherosclerotic lesions in large vessels

[en] Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) exhibits specific binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by cultured endothelial cells. Binding was saturable as a function both of time and of concentration of ¹²⁵I-bFGF. Scatchard analysis of FGF binding revealed the presence of about 1.5 x 10¹² binding sites/mm² ECM with an apparent k_D of 610 nM. FGF binds to heparan sulfate (HS) in ECM as evidenced by (i) inhibition of binding in the presence of heparin or HS at 0.1-1 μg/mL, but not by chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, or hyaluronic acid at 10 μg/mL, (ii) lack of binding to ECM pretreated with heparitinase, but not with chondroitinase ABC, and (iii) rapid release of up to 90% of ECM-bound FGF by exposure to heparin, HS, or heparitinase, but not to chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, or chondroitinase ABC. Oligosaccharides derived from depolymerized heparin, and as small as the tetrasaccharide, released the ECM-bound FGF, but there was little or no release of FGF by modified nonanticoagulant heparins such as totally desulfated heparin, N-desulfated heparin, and N-acetylated heparin. FGF released from ECM was biologically active, as indicated by its stimulation of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in vascular endothelial cells and 3T3 fibroblasts. Similar results were obtained in studies on release of endogenous FGF-like mitogenic activity from Descement's membranes of bovine corneas. It is suggested that ECM storage and release of bFGF provide a novel mechanism for regulation of capillary blood vessel growth. Whereas ECM-bound FGF may be prevented from acting on endothelial cells, its displacement by heparin-like molecules and/or HS-degrading enzymes may elicit a neovascular response

[en] To investigate early radiation induced changes in vessel wall function, the author's used cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), which produce and rest in vitro on an underlying basement membrane (BM) and maintain other in vivo phenotyic characteristics of BAEC. When dissociated from the BM, the radiation dose survival curve showed a Do of 145 cGy and n = 2.5. When confluent plateau phase cells resting on the BM were irradiated (2-20 CGy) 20-60% of the cells detached from the BM, and the remaining metabolically active cells, which were still adherent to the BM, exhibited a marked decrease in the capacity to synthesize prostacyclin (PGI/sub 2/). This injury to enzymes involved in the arachidonic acid cascade spontaneously recovered following low doses of radiation, and was significantly reduced when radiation was delivered in the presence of ascorbic acid. Irradiated BAEC also procduced and released a chemotactic lipid demonstrated by using human neutrophils in Boyden Chambers, inhibited by preincubation with a lipoxygenase inhibitor. The authors also demonstrated a dose and time dependent production and release of a PDGF-like growth factor from irradiated BAEC detected by its mitogenic activity on BALB/3T3 cells. The possible relevance of these phenomena to the pathogenesis and repair of irradiation induced vascular damage observed in vivo is discussed

[en] The authors conclude that the observed changes in eicosanoid production by vascular endothelial cells exposed to ionizing irradiation may be relevant to the pathogenesis of post-radiation injury in small and large blood vessels. Anomalies of PGI₂ production may lead to thrombosis and accelerated arteriosclerosis which are observed in irradiated vessels. The generation of potent cells may greatly facilitate inflammation in irradiated vessels. The model of irradiated cultured endothelial cells may also be useful for the study of various methods and agents aimed at reducing the radiation induced damage to blood vessels. Evaluation of the capacity of cultured endothelial cells to produce eicosanoids may serve as an appropriate index for the metabolic damage induced by radiation. (author)

No abstract available

[en] Bovine Aorta endothelial cells were grown in culture and their ability to repair radiation damage to their DNA studied. DNA repair was determined in cells of different passage numbers and different times of growth in culture. It has been demonstrated that confluent and contact inhibited cells have much higher capacity to repair DNA than preconfluent actively dividing cells. The biological significance of an increased capacity of ''aged'' endothelial cells to repair DNA at their natural quiescent state may be related to the maintenance of integrity of the blood vessel wall. (author)

[en] Dissemination of neoplastic cells within the body involves invasion of blood vessels by tumor cells. This requires adhesion of blood-borne cells to the luminal surface of the vascular endothelium, invasion through the endothelial cell layer and local dissolution of the subendothelial basement membrane. The authors studied the interaction of platelets and tumor cells with cultured vascular endothelial cells and their secreted basement membrane-like extracellular matrix (ECM). Interaction of platelets with this ECM was associated with platelet activation, aggregation and degradation of heparan sulfate in the ECM by means of the platelet heparitinase. Biochemical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies have demonstrated that platelets may detect even minor gaps between adjacent endothelial cells and degrade the ECM heparan sulfate. Platelets were also shown to recruit lymphoma cells into minor gaps in the vascular endothelium. It is suggested that the platelet heparitinase is involved in the impairment of the integrity of the vessel wall and thus play a role in tumor cell metastasis. (Auth.)

[en] The full text of the publication follows. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive neoplasms with an extremely low survival rate. Because most pancreatic carcinoma patients miss the opportunity for complete surgical resection at the time of diagnosis, radiotherapy remains a major component of treatment modalities. However, pancreatic cancer often shows resistance to radiation therapy. Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced aggressiveness is emerging as one of the important mechanisms responsible for the limited benefit of radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer, but the identity of downstream effectors responsible for this effect remains poorly investigated. Here we report that IR promotes pancreatic cancer aggressiveness through up-regulation of the heparanase. Heparanase is a predominant mammalian enzyme capable of degrading heparan sulfate (HS), the main polysaccharide component of the basement membrane and other types of extracellular matrix (ECM). Cleavage of HS by heparanase leads to disassembly of ECM, enables cell invasion, releases HS-bound angiogenic and growth factors from the ECM depots, and generates bioactive HS fragments. We found that clinically relevant doses of IR augment invasive ability of pancreatic cells in vitro and in vivo via induction of heparanase. Our results indicate that the effect of IR on heparanase expression is mediated by Egr1 transcription factor. Moreover, specific inhibitor of heparanase enzymatic activity abolished IR-induced invasiveness of pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro, while combined treatment with IR and the heparanase inhibitor, but not IR alone, attenuated ortho-topic pancreatic tumor progression in vivo. The proposed up-regulation of heparanase by IR represents a new molecular pathway through which IR may promote pancreatic tumor aggressiveness, providing explanation for the limited benefit from radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer. Our research is expected to offer a new approach to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy and better define target patient population in which such approach could be particularly beneficial. (authors)

[en] Published in summary form only