[en] In this paper we will discuss algorithms for undulator radiation calculation software in detail. Based on electrodynamic theory and aiming at a near field applicable algorithm, we worked out a new generally valid formula with very simple form. Several algorithm will be discussed according to their advantages and shortcomings on dealing with effects of near field, electron beam emittance and magnetic field errors. Special attention will be paid to advance an efficient algorithm capable of handling all important factors in undulator radiation calculation. The necessity of such kind of algorithm to the building of undulators in third generation SR sources will be discussed. (author). 15 refs., 3 figs

[en] The analgetic efficiency and adverse effect of ⁸⁹SrCl₂ treatment were observed in 69 patients with metastatic bone tumor from different primary foci. Of 69 patients, pain disappeared completely and metastatic lesions shrinked and disappeared partly in 32 cases; pain abated apparently and analgetic drugs were stopped or reduced in 30 cases; and inefficacy in 7 cases. Of 39 died patients, except the ineffective in 7 cases, in the remaining patients either pain abated, analgetics stopped, reduced or life quality improved obviously. (authors)

[en] Carbon emissions related to population factors have aroused great attention around the world. A multitude of literature mainly focused on single demographic impacts on environmental issues at the national level, and comprehensive studies concerning population-related factors at a city level are rare. This paper employed STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology) model incorporating PLS (Partial least squares) regression method to examine the influence of population-related factors on carbon emissions in Beijing from 1984 to 2012. Empirically results manifest that urbanization is the paramount driver. Changes in population age structure have significantly positive impacts on carbon emissions, and shrinking young population, continuous expansion of working age population and aging population will keep on increasing environmental pressures. Meanwhile, shrinking household size and expanding floating population boost the discharge of carbon emissions. Besides, per capita consumption is an important contributor of carbon emissions, while industry energy intensity is the main inhibitory factor. Based upon these findings and the specific circumstances of Beijing, policies such as promoting clean and renewable energy, improving population quality and advocating low carbon lifestyles should be enhanced to achieve targeted emissions reductions. - Highlights: • We employed the STIRPAT model to identify population-related factors of carbon emissions in Beijing. • Urbanization is the paramount driver of carbon emissions. • Changes in population age structure exert significantly positive impacts on carbon emissions. • Shrinking household size, expanding floating population and improving consumption level increase carbon emissions. • Industry energy intensity decreases carbon emissions

[en] The purpose of this study is to perform an exergy analysis of a combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system driven by hybrid wind–solar–gas turbine. And use compressed air energy storage technology to solve the problem of network fluctuation caused by renewable energy instability. The triple supply system equipment proposed in this paper includes energy supply equipment, heat recovery equipment, cooling equipment and energy storage equipment. The energy balance model of the energy storage system is established, and the working characteristics are simulated by specific numerical values to find out the optimal design structure of the triple supply system, reduce the exergy loss of the equipment and improve the exergy efficiency of the system energy conversion.

[en] NIPAm (N-isopropylacrylamide), a thermosensitive monomer, was introduced into a system for synthesis of MicroPCMs (microencapsulated phase change materials) through free radical emulsion polymerization with n-oct (n-octadecane) as the core and cross-linked PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate)) as the shell. The effect of NIPAm on the formation mechanism, surface morphologies, crystallization properties, and thermal stabilities of the MicroPCMs were studied using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), respectively. The results indicate that addition of NIPAm causes a significant increase in the enthalpy of the heterogeneous nucleation (approximately 2–4 times more than without NIPAm). The diameter distribution of microcapsules becomes narrower (the PDI (polydispersity index) has a minimum of 0.073) and the encapsulation ratio and encapsulation efficiency increase. On the contrary, the microcapsules that have some irregular holes were obtained by adding NIPAm prepolymer. - Highlights: • We designed and synthesized a lower supercooling microPCMs with the PNIPAm as nucleating agent. • Optimum dosage of monomer PNIPAm is 1.8 g. • The mass loss of microcapsules is less than 0.6% after repeated thermal cycling. • The formation mechanism of the microcapsules is discussed.

[en] Ferrite phase in 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb destroys the homogeneity of microstructure, lowers the plastic toughness of material, accelerates the aging rate of material during creep, and reduces the service life of material. Therefore, it is of great significance to control the ferrite phase content. Chemical composition and hot processing temperature are the main factors affecting 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb. In this article, on the basis of determining a reasonable chemical composition, formation of ferrite phase in the hot processing process has been reduced by controlling the forging temperature. Domestically, it is generally believed that the ferrite phase is supposed to be controlled within 10% and it can be controlled within 5% by the adoption of above measures. (paper)

[en] The transition energy of 1s²3d-1s²nf (4≤n≤9) and fine structure splitting of 1s²nf (n≤9) states for lithium-like Cr²¹⁺ ion are calculated by using the full-core plus correlation method. The higher-order relativistic contribution to the energy is estimated under a hydrogenic approximation. The quantum defect of Rydberg series 1s²nf is determined according to the quantum defect theory. The energies of any highly excited states with n≥10 for this series can be reliably predicted using the quantum defects which are function of energy. The dipole oscillator strengths for the 1s²3d-1s²nf (n≤9) transitions of Cr²¹⁺ ion are calculated with the energies and FCPC wave functions obtained above. Combining the quantum defect theory with the discrete oscillator strengths, the discrete oscillator strengths for the transitions from initial state 1s²3d to highly excited states 1s²nf (n≥10) and the oscillator strengths density corresponding to the bound-free transitions are obtained. (authors)

[en] Highlights: • 3D carbon nanotube foams (CNTF) are obtained by directly conversing CO_2. • As-grown CNTF can be used as a current collector for supercapacitors to substitute metal one. • Binder-free porous Ni(OH)_2 nanosheet array are fabricated on the CNTF. • Enhanced electrical conductivity leads to excellent electrochemical performance. • The present method maybe a general strategy for fabricating other 3D macroscopic structures. - Abstract: Carbon nanotube (CNT) is an ideal electrode material for supercapacitors due to its low electronic and ionic charge-transfer resistances. Here we reported the direct synthesis 3D carbon nanotube foam (CNTF) macrostructure by conversing CO_2 through template-directed chemical vapour deposition. Using this unique network structure and outstanding electrical and mechanical properties of the CNTF, as an example, we demonstrate the excellent electrochemical properties of Ni(OH)_2/CNTF composite. Based on the total mass of the electrode, as high as specific capacitances of 259 and 131 F g"−"1 are obtained at current densities of 0.5 and 10 A g"−"1 respectively. Meanwhile, the electrode also exhibits excellent long cycle life along with 94.0% specific capacitance retained after 2000 cycle tests. Moreover, this template-directed CVD technique is versatile and scalable, and can be a general strategy for fabricating a broad class of three-dimensional macroscopic structures of determined shapes with excellent properties and new uses

[en] A large amount of carbon dioxide emissions have drawn more and more attention recently. Existing regional research is mainly based on the classification of geographical location, without considering the differences in urbanization. Using panel data of 30 provinces in China during the period of 1997–2014, this paper investigates the impact of population, per capita GDP, energy intensity, urbanization, industry proportion and tertiary industry proportion on CO₂ emissions. Taking into account regional differences, 30 provinces in China are divided into four regions according to the features of “urbanization–CO₂ emissions.” The results show that the impacts of population and per capita GDP on CO₂ emissions in the LU–LC region are higher than the other three regions. The energy intensity has positive effect on CO₂ emissions in the four regions. The impact of energy intensity on CO₂ emissions in HU–HC and HU–LC regions is greater than the other two regions. Meanwhile, the impact of urbanization on CO₂ emissions differs across regions. The urbanization has a significant negative effect on CO₂ emissions in the HU–LC region, indicating the urbanization increases CO₂ emissions. However, the urbanization has a positive effect on CO₂ emissions in the LU–HC region, indicating the urbanization increases CO₂ emissions in the region. The impact of industry proportion is not statistically significant in all the regions, while the impact of tertiary industry proportion on CO₂ emissions is negatively significant in the HU–LC and LU–HC regions, which indicates that the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure play important roles in the decrease in carbon emissions.

[en] Objective: To explore the value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific-enolase (NSE), progastrin releasing peptide (Pro-GRP), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: The levels of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, Pro-GRP, SCC and CA125 in serum of 138 patients with lung cancer, 138 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 138 health examiners (controls) were measured by electrochemical method, and the results were used to evaluate its diagnostic value in lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: The serum levels of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, Pro-GRP and SCC in patients with lung cancer were significantly higher than those of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and the healthy control group. The serum level of CA125 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher than those of patients with lung cancer and healthy control group. The level of Pro-GRP, NSE in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were significantly higher than patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The level of CYFRA21-1, SCC, and CA125 in NSCLC were significantly higher than SCLC. The level of CEA and CA125 in the adenocarcinoma group were significantly higher than the squamous cell carcinoma group, while the levels of CYFRA21-1 and SCC in the squamous cell carcinoma group were significantly higher than the adenocarcinoma group (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of combined detection of 6 tumor markers were 0.993 and the sensitivity was increased to 96.4%, which was superior to that of single-index detection, and combined detection was statistically significant compared with the pulmonary tuberculosis group (P < 0.05). When tested separately, the AUC of CA125 in the diagnosis of tuberculosis was 0.928 and the sensitivity was 81.9%, which was significantly superior to other indexes. The AUC of NSE and Pro-GRP in the SCLC group were 0.961 and 0.938, and the sensitivity were 85% and 92.5%, respectively. The AUC of CYFRA21-1 and SCC in the squamous cell carcinoma group were 0.977 and 0.933, and the sensitivity were 90.9% and 87.9%, respectively, which was significantly superior to other indexes. The AUC of CEA in the adenocarcinoma group were 0.957, which was significantly superior to other indexes, with the sensitivity of 89.2%. Conclusion: The level of tumor markers in patients is related to benign, malignant and pathological types, and combining multiple tumor markers for detection is more conducive to clinical diagnosis. (authors)