[en] Post-combustion carbon capture technology is seen as an indispensable option for global CO${}_2$ mitigation. Nevertheless, the benchmark post-combustion carbon capture technology, i.e. the MEA-based chemical absorption technology, has been reported to be rather energy-intensive. Meanwhile, the performance of the gas permeation membrane technology, one of the emerging alternative carbon capture technologies, has also been found to be restricted by the membrane properties, especially when it is designed to be applied in industrial-scale plants. As a result, the applications of the post-combustion carbon capture technology in the power and industrial sectors are faced with great resistance. On the other hand, the research of post-combustion carbon capture for industry is found to lag behind the power sector. The objective of this work is to advance the feasibility of post-combustion carbon capture technology as well as contribute to the study of carbon capture in the steelmaking industry. In order to do this, two types of hybrid membrane/MEA carbon capture systems (Hybrid D1 & D2) were designed in Aspen Plus${}^{\mathrm{\circledR <!--\; ??\; -->}}$. In the Hybrid D1 system, a single-stage membrane is combined with an MEA system while a cascaded membrane system and an MEA system are combined in the Hybrid D2 system. For comparison, two widely studied standalone capture systems (cascaded membrane & MEA) were also modeled. The Polyactive${}^{\mathrm{\circledR <!--\; ??\; -->}}$ membrane was selected to be the investigated membrane material. These carbon capture systems were deployed in a reference coal-fired power plant and a reference iron & steel plant, respectively. A model of the power plant was simulated using EBSILON${}^{\mathrm{\circledR <!--\; ??\; -->}}$ Professional to represent the detailed operation. Pinch analysis was used to analyze the potential for waste heat integration of the capture systems into the water-steam cycle. In addition, the performances of the capture systems when the power plant is operated at part-load were investigated. As for the iron & steel plant, the energy use network and point sources of CO${}_2$ emissions inside the plant were analyzed so as to specify the boundary condition for carbon capture. A cost model based on the discounted cash flow approach was developed for economic analysis. In the power plant, it is revealed that the Hybrid D1 system is neither an energy-efficient nor a cost-effective design. The Hybrid D2 system, however, has shown to lead to both a lower efficiency penalty (9.7 %-pts) and a lower CO${}_2$ avoidance cost (48.8 €/t${}_{C{O}_2}$) than the standalone cascaded membrane and MEA systems in the power plant. A basic principle for the design of a hybrid system is concluded according to the result. In the iron & steel plant, the Hybrid D2 system leads to the lowest CO${}_2$ avoidance cost (53.9 €/t${}_{C{O}_2}$) but the differences in the avoidance costs of different capture systems are insignificant considering the uncertainty of the cost model. It is also found that the steam supply strategy has pronounced impacts on the cost competitiveness of a carbon capture system. In addition, it is disclosed that an overall lower CO${}_2$ avoidance cost can be achieved by deploying multiple types of capture systems to deal with different point sources of CO${}_2$ emissions as compared to deploying only one single type of capture system.

[en] Cu-W films were deposited on Al₂O₃ substrates by magnetron sputtering and then annealed in Ar gas at different temperatures for an hour. The evolution of surface morphology of the films during deposition and annealing was investigated by mathematical techniques. A strategy integrating discrete wavelet transform and fractal geometry concepts was developed for analyzing the anisotropy of surface structure of Cu-W thin films. The results indicated that the agglomeration of Cu-W thin films occurs primarily during annealing process. Based on the observation of positive correlation between the surface anisotropy and W-like phase transition, the relationship between the evolution of surface morphology of Cu-W thin films and the transition of phase structure was constructed. It was concluded that the changes of phase structures could have a significant impact on the anisotropy behavior of surface structure of Cu-W thin films

[en] In the present work, we use central and two-body spin-orbit coupling forces as the residual interaction in the pure-configuration shell model to calculate the energy spectra of f₇/sub //₂ shell nuclei (⁴³Sc, ⁴⁴Ti, ⁵²Fe, ⁵³Fe, ⁵³Co, etc.) with different nucleon configurations. The consistency between the calculated energy spectra of the nuclei and the experimental data is rather satisfactory. The results show that the effects of the two-body spin-orbit coupling term is important for the energy spectra of nuclei with different nucleon configurations in the f₇/sub //₂ shell

[en] Obtaining repeatable critical current measurement for the high temperature superconductors (HTSs) is a challenging task, since HTSs are highly susceptible to degradation due to mechanical stress, moisture, thermal cycling and aging. This paper develops a new device for HTS critical current measurement, which uses pressing instead of welding to combine the leads with the samples. It is proved that the novel device is nondestructively device for HTS I_c measurement. Several relations, such as pressure versus contact resistance and current versus contact resistance, were investigated. As the pressure put on the samples is increasing, the contact resistance decreases rapidly at the beginning. When the pressure is over 10 N, further increasing the pressure makes little effect on the degradation of the contact resistance. The contact resistance also drops down as the metrical current increases. We also compare the I_c metrical result by using the novel device with that by using the traditional method. There is almost no difference between these two methods

[en] AP1000 pressurizer is supported vertically by 4 columns. After the first AP1000 pressurizer (Sanmen Unit 1) installation finished, the AP1000 designer Westinghouse issued a design change to the pressurizer support for reinforcement. This article briefly describes the reinforcement reason, construction step, construction difficulties and countermeasures. (author)

[en] A 20 Mev linac with feedback employing variable coupling being built at Nanjing University is introduced. The linac will operate in the large range of beam loading. For different beam loading we can adjust coupling coefficient to make no power transmitted to the load. That is to say, the linac operates under optimal coupling condition. It has an ideal beam loading characteristic and maximal efficiency. Some problems in design are discussed. We put forward the scheme of adjustment and measures to make the linac stable. (author)

[en] The central and two body spin-orbit coupling forces as the interaction and the pure configuration are used to calculate the energy spectra of 1fsub(7/2) shell nuclei (⁴³Sc, ⁴⁴Ti, ⁵²Fe, ⁵³Fe, ⁵³Co) with nonidentical configuration. The consistency between the calculated energy spectra of the nuclei and the experimental data are rather satisfactory

[en] Modularization construction is the main technique used in AP1000 plants, the piping Modularization installation will impact directly to the module construction as the important part of the Modularization construction. After the piping system has took the modularization design in AP1000 plants, some installation works of piping system has moved from the site to fabrication shop. With improving the construction quality and minimizing the time frame of project, the critical paths can be optimized. This paper has analyzed the risk and challenge that met during the modularization construction period of piping systems though introducing the characteristic of modularization construction for AP1000 piping systems, and get construction experiences from the First AP1000 plants in the world, then it will be the firmly basics for the wide application of modularization construction in the future. (authors)

[en] Highlights: • An unsteady theoretical model with a soil heat storage system is developed. • An unsteady model can make more accurate prediction than the steady one. • An evident lag effect on energy transferred to the airflow is observed. • Heat storage with high thermal inertia will reduce performance fluctuation. - Abstract: The daily electricity generation and continuous system operation of a solar chimney power plant (SCPP) highly depends on heat storage system under the collector. To investigate the thermodynamic behavior of an SCPP system throughout a daily operation cycle, an unsteady theoretical model that considers soil heat storage is developed in the present study. A performance comparison between steady (without heat storage) and unsteady (with heat storage) models is made for the first time. Different types of soil are used as heat storage materials in unsteady simulations to analyze the power output of SCPP per daily cycle. To gain a better view of the influences of soil thermal properties on the SCPP performance, simulations are conducted for the Spanish prototype under different specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity values. Considering a stable system power output, high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity are regarded to be beneficial for an SCPP system.

[en] The studies in this dissertation aim at advancing our scientific understandings about physical processes involved in the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction and quantitatively assessing the impacts of aerosols on the cloud systems with diverse scales over the globe on the basis of the observational data analysis and various modeling studies. As recognized in the Fifth Assessment Report by the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change, the magnitude of radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols is highly uncertain, representing the largest uncertainty in projections of future climate by anthropogenic activities. By using a newly implemented cloud microphysical scheme in the cloud-resolving model, the thesis assesses aerosol-cloud interaction for distinct weather systems, ranging from individual cumulus to mesoscale convective systems. This thesis also introduces a novel hierarchical modeling approach that solves a long outstanding mismatch between simulations by regional weather models and global climate models in the climate modeling community. More importantly, the thesis provides key scientific solutions to several challenging questions in climate science, including the global impacts of the Asian pollution. As scientists wrestle with the complexities of climate change in response to varied anthropogenic forcing, perhaps no problem is more challenging than the understanding of the impacts of atmospheric aerosols from air pollution on clouds and the global circulation.