[en] This communication presents an overview of the state-of-the-art of the exploitation of sequential injection (SI)-bead injection (BI)-lab-on-valve (LOV) schemes for automatic on-line sample pre-treatments interfaced with ETAAS and ICPMS detection as conducted in the authors' group. The discussions are focused on the applications of SI-BI-LOV protocols for on-line microcolumn based solid phase extraction of ultra-trace levels of heavy metals, employing the so-called renewable surface separation and preconcentration manipulatory scheme. Two types of sorbents have been employed as packing material, that is, the hydrophilic SP Sephadex C-25 cation exchange and iminodiacetate based Muromac A-1 chelating resins, and the hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) copolymer alkylated with octadecyl groups (C₁₈-PS/DVB). Using ETAAS as detection device, the easy-to-handle hydrophilic renewable reactors hold the features of improved R.S.D.s and LODs as compared to those operated in the conventional, permanent mode, in addition to the elimination of flow resistance. The hydrophobic columns fall into two categories, that is, the renewable one packed with C₁₈-PS/DVB beads entails analogous R.S.D.s and LODs with respect to the conventional approach, while those with PTFE beads result in slightly inferior R.S.D.s and LODs by similar comparison, yet offering a wider dynamic range than when using an external permanent column. Moreover, the hydrophilic materials result in much higher enrichment of the analyte than the hydrophobic ones, although PTFE is the packing material that exhibits the best retention efficiency

[en] Highlights: • Five states during the transpiration cooling are discussed. • A suit of applicable program is developed. • The variations of the thickness of two-phase region and the pressure are analyzed. • The relationship between heat flux and coolant mass flow rate is presented. • An approach is given to define the desired case of transpiration cooling. - Abstract: The mechanism of transpiration cooling with liquid phase change is numerically investigated to protect the thermal structure exposed to extremely high heat flux. According to the results of theoretical analysis, there is a lower critical and an upper critical external heat flux corresponding a certain coolant mass flow rate, between the two critical values, the phase change of liquid coolant occurs within porous structure. A strongly applicable self-edit program is developed to solve the states of fluid flow and heat transfer probably occurring during the phase change procedure. The distributions of temperature and saturation in these states are presented. The variations of the thickness of two-phase region and the pressure including capillary are analyzed, and capillary pressure is found to be the main factor causing pressure change. From the relationships between the external heat flux and coolant mass flow rate obtained at different cooling cases, an approach is given to estimate the maximal heat flux afforded and the minimal coolant consumption required by the desired case of transpiration cooling. Thus the pressure and coolant consumption required in a certain thermal circumstance can be determined, which are important in the practical application of transpiration cooling

[en] The synthesis of carbon films from organic solutions, including methanol, ethanol and acetone, has been demonstrated using pulsed arc discharge at atmospheric pressure and substrate temperatures of less than 150 deg. C. The effects of the applied potential, substrate temperature and organic solution on the structure and quality of the deposits have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. IR spectra confirm that a polymer-like phase has been co-deposited in carbonaceous deposits. Increasing the substrate temperature is useful for removing polymer from the deposits. Higher applied potential and lower solution concentration are more favorable for the deposition of carbon films with diamond phase. It has been found that methanol is better than ethanol and acetone for preparation of carbon films containing the diamond phase. In addition, a growth rate of 3 nm per pulse has been obtained

[en] Interventional therapy has good curative effect and been generally recognized as a nonoperative method of choice in the treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The long survival rate of patient has been reduced because of recurrence and metastasis of the tumor after interventional treatment. Therefore, it is necessary for us to formulate standardized interventional treatment program especially for HCC. These measures should include the following criteria: 1. Controlling strictly the indications for' interventional therapy of nonoperable HCC; 2. Performing carefully in the interventional manipulation; 3. Selecting superior treatment plan for' individual patient; 4. Working out indexes of assessing interventional curative effects; 5. Adopting comprehensive treatment measures, such as TACE plus RFA, TACE plus radiotherapy, TACE plus biotherapy and gene therapy, etc. (authors)

[en] The distinctive/unique electrical, chemical and optical properties make graphene/graphene oxide-based materials popular in the field of analytical chemistry. Its large surface offers excellent capacity to anchor target analyte, making it an powerful sorbent in the adsorption and preconcentration of trace level analyte of interest in the field of sample preparation. The large delocalized π-electron system of graphene framework provides strong affinity to species containing aromatic rings, such as proteins, and the abundant active sites on its surface offers the chance to modulate adsorption tendency towards specific protein via functional modification/decoration. This review provides an overview of the current research on graphene/graphene oxide-based materials as attractive and powerful adsorption media in the separation/isolation and preconcentration of protein species from biological sample matrixes. These practices are aiming at providing protein sample of high purity for further investigations and applications, or to achieve certain extent of enrichment prior to quantitative assay. In addition, the challenges and future perspectives in the related research fields have been discussed. - Highlights: • This review provides an updated overview of G/GO-materials in the separation, isolation/preconcentration of protein species. • The strategies to improve protein extraction performance by G/GO-materials are summarized. • The challenges and future perspectives in the related research fields are discussed.

[en] A kinetic spectrophotometric method has been proposed for the determination of trace amount of uranium (IV) based on its catalytic effect on the phosphomolybdic acid-iodide reaction. It is selective for uranium within the range of 0-12 μg/ml, and the detection limit is 0.02 μg/ml. Trace amount of uranium in thorium nitrate and scandium oxide has been determined and the results are satisfactory

[en] In this paper, Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the motion of ions in the cathode fall zone of glow discharge. Energy distributions and angle distributions at different pressure and voltage are presented. The simulations are based on two main scattering processes of charge transfer and elastic scattering. Either the ion energy dependence or independence of collision cross-sections is taken into account. For elastic scattering, the potential interaction and hard-sphere models are considered. The parameter Pd_c has a great influence on the energy distribution, but the angle distribution of ions is not sensitive to discharge parameters. Simulation results obtained by different models have been compared and discussed. The model that includes charge transfer and potential interaction scattering processes and is based on the dependence of collision cross-section on the ion energy is obviously the best

[en] The effect of traditional therapy is limited for liver cancer, gene therapy gets more and more recognition in recent years. Oncolysis virus is a kind of conditionally replicating virus, with special reproductivity in cancer cells, and then kills them. Gene agents are usually introduced into tumor tissue by intra-tumor and intra-arterial injection, and the technique of interventional therapy is able to satisfy the demand excellently. So, some breakthrough is expected in treating liver cancer by skillfully combining oncolysis virus and interventional technique. (authors)

[en] A novel kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace uranium was proposed based on the inductive effect of uranium (IV) on redox systems of Cr (VI)-I^--starch, and the optimal conditions of determination were established. The calibration curve is linear for U (IV) over the concentration range of 0-1.78μg·ml^-1, and the detection limit is 0.024μg·ml^-1. The procedure is selective for U (IV), and the interference of most rare metal cations coexisting with uranium are negligible. The method was used to determine the uranium in an iron ore, and the results were satisfactory

[en] A dual-standard additions method was proposed, and the principle of simultaneous determination of interfering binary mixture was discussed. The proposed procedure had been applied to spectroscopic simultaneous analyses of uranium and thorium without prior separation, and the determination conditions were established. Various molar ratios of U/Th, from 0.5:1 to 10:1, can be determined with satisfactory precision and accuracy. Uranium and thorium content in a phosphate ore and a simulated sample were determined, the recoveries were 98.4%∼102.5% for uranium and 96.8%∼102.3% for thorium, the relative standard deviations were 1.5%∼2.3% for uranium and 2.1%∼3.1% for thorium