[en] The labelling hepatitis Bvirus DNA (HBV-DNA) probe was studied by using reagent made in China. The results showed that: (1) The dNTPs with high specific activity was necessary for the labelling of nigh specific activity HBV-DNA probe; (2) reaction of labelling HBV-DNA probe was completed in a few minutes; (3) 0.37 MBq ³H dTTP (specific activity 1.554TBq/mmol) was enough to label 1 μg HBV-DNA and the specific activity of probe reached 3.4 x 10 cpm/μg; (4) 7 MBqα-³²P dATP (specific activity > 111 TBq/mmol) can label HBV-DNA probe to specific activity 1.35 x 10 cpm/μg. It was concluded that the reagent made in China can be used for the study in molecular biology

[en] Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of PET/CT in detecting and diagnosing the recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Methods: The whole body or abdominopelvic regional PET/CT was performed in 54 patients with ovarian cancer. The duration of follow-up was 3 -20 months. The diagnosis of recurrent tumor and(or) metastasis was based on pathologic examination, multi-modality imaging and clinical follow-up. Results: 41/54 patients had recurrence and (or) metastasis but no recurrence was found in 13 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT in detecting recurrent tumor and metastasis were 90.2% and 84.6% respectively. PET/CT detected one or several malignant lesions in abdominopelvic region in 9 cases with negative finding of CT and B ultrasound. PET/CT detected more malignant lesions than CT and B ultrasound in 31.7% patients, so that the clinical staging and management were changed. The metastasis was mainly confined in abdominopelvic region and there was few distant metastasis. In 19 patients with increased serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125, the positive rate of PET/CT was 89.4%. Conclusion: PET/CT can detect the recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer with high sensitivity and specificity and it is helpful to enhance the accuracy of clinical staging. (authors)

[en] In this paper we discuss the value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT on the TNM staging of colorectal cancer before surgery. Forty-one patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer from surgery were examined by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. PET/CT findings were compared with post-operative pathology. The sensitivity of colorectal cancer was 97.6% by PET and 100% by PET/CT. The diagnostic accuracy of T-stage and N-stage and metastasis and TNM-stage before operation in colorectal cancer were 85.4%, 85.4%, 97.6% and 75.6% respectively, and the correlation with surgical appearances and pathological findings were 0.574, 0.670, 0.918 and 0.664 respectively, all P<0.01. Good correlation exists between manifestations on PET/CT and operative pathology. PET/CT may become a good choice diagnostic modality for pre-treatment staging evaluations of colorectal carcinomas. (authors)

[en] Objective: To study the clinical value of ¹¹C-methionine (MET) PET/CT imaging in brain glioma. Methods: 27 cases were studied including 2 glioma, 23 operated glioma and 2 healthy volunteers. ¹¹C-MET PET/CT was performed in all cases but ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in only 17 cases. Follow-up period was within 3-17 months. Results: ¹¹C-MET was negative in 4 cases and ¹⁸F-FDG negative in 3 cases in group without remnant or recurrent tumor after operation. In 2 cases of initial glioma and 19 cases with remnant or recurrent tumor group, ¹¹C-MET imaging was positive in 20 cases, tumor/gray matter ratio and tumor/white matter ratio were 2.02 ± 0.96, 3.01 ± 1.79, respectively, among them 14 cases also with ¹⁸F-FDG imaging showed positive in 12 cases. Lesions showed by ¹¹C-MET were far more clear than that of ¹⁸F-FDG. Also tumor/gray matter ratio and the tumor/white matter ratio of ¹¹C-MET imaging were significantly higher than ¹⁸F-FDG (2.15 ± 1.16 vs 0.97 ± 0.43, P<0.01; 3.31 ± 2.16 vs 1.90 ± 0.67, P<0.05 ). Conclusion: ¹¹C-MET PET/CT is superior to ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and localization of brain glioma. (authors)

[en] Objective: To investigate whether ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake within the primary tumor correlates with cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: Thirty patients with non-small cell lung cancer were examined with FDG PET within 20 d prior to surgery. For semiquantitative analysis, standardized uptake value (SUV) was calculated. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was immunohistochemically assessed and the normal lung tissue around the tumor was regarded as the control. We also followed-up the outcome of every patient of the study group. Results: PCNA expression (PCNA labeling index) of alveolus cell in normal lung tissue was lower than 5%, and was (49.49 ± 21.24)% in the lung cancer lesion. FDG SUV correlated significantly with PCNA labeling index (r = 0.826, P < 0.01). The SUV and PCNA labeling index were significantly different between the patients with and without recurrence and (or) metastasis (P < 0.01). Conclusions: FDG uptake relates to cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer. As a non-invasive imaging technique, the SUV of FDG in ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging may be valuable in prognostic prediction

[en] Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical role of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT for detection of recurrent and (or) metastatic tumor in patients with rising serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) after the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The whole body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed in 123 patients with rising serum AFP [(3554.49 ± 1663.08) μg/L; normal level: 0-8. 1 μg/L] on routine follow-up examinations after the management of HCC. All PET and CT images of one patient were fused by the specific software on workstation. PET images, CT images and PET/CT fused images were analyzed by frame to frame. All patients were followed up for more than six months. The final diagnosis was obtained by pathologic finding from surgery or biopsy, and (or) multi-modalities of imaging and clinical follow-up. Chi-Square test for statistics was used with SSPS 11.5 software. Results: There were 111 patients proved to be suffered with recurrent and (or) metastatic tumor. Intrahepatic lesions were found in 84 patients; extrahepatic lesions were found in 65 patients. The overall sensitivity of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for tumor detection was 87.4% (97/111) and it was obviously higher than 70.3% (78/111) of ¹⁸F-FDG PET alone (χ²=9.744, P=0.002). The specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was 83.3% (10/12), 87.0% (107/123), 98.0% (97/99) and 41.7% (10/24), respectively. The PET and CT were complement in the lesions detection. In 9 patients proved as well-differentiated HCC, the sensitivity of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was 5/9, which was lower than that of overall sensitivity (χ²=6.616, P=0.01). Conclusions: ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is a valuable imaging tool to detect the recurrent and (or) metastatic tumor in patients with rising serum AFP after HCC treatment. Nevertheless, a pitfall of false-negative could be happened in patients with well-differentiated HCC. (authors)

[en] Objective: To evaluated the value of PET conventional parameters and texture parameters in prediction of the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) gene expression status in colorectal cancer (CRC) by analyzing the relationship between those parameters and KRAS gene status. Methods: From December 2012 to January 2017, ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT data and KRAS gene status of 58 CRC patients (40 males, ¹⁸Females, average age 56.31 years) before anti-tumor therapies were collected. The relationship between PET parameters and KRAS gene expression was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the values of PET conventional parameters and texture parameters for predicting the KRAS gene status. Spearman rank correlation and Mann-Whitney u test were used to analyze the data. Results: of 58 CRC patients, 19 (32.8%) had KRAS mutation, while 39 (67.2%) were with wild type KRAS. Among the 46 PET image parameters extracted by Chang-Gung image texture analysis (CGITA), 14 PET image parameters were selected by Spearman rank correlation (all |r_s| > 0.8), including 12 texture parameters and 2 conventional parameters (maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)). Six PET image parameters (4 texture parameters and 2 conventional parameters) were found to be different between KRAS gene mutant group and wild group (u values: from -4.481 to -2.046, all P < 0.05). Among the 4 texture parameters, standardized uptake value (SUV) kurtosis (SUV_kur) had the best prediction value, while SUV_max was the better one for prediction in the 2 conventional parameters. When 4.27 was selected as the cut-off value for SUV_kur , the Youden index was up to the maximum as 0.35 and it yielded 0.667 on the area under curve (AUC) (95% CI: 0.517-0.816, P = 0.041) with the sensitivity of 15/19 and specificity of 56.4% (22/39), respectively. When 16.6 was selected as the cut-off value of for SUV_max , the Youden index was up to the maximum as 0.64 and the AUC on predicting the KRAS mutant was 0.865 (95% CI: 0.770-0.960, P < 0.001) with the sensitivity of 17/19 and specificity of 74.4%(29/39), respectively. The efficacy of SUV_max for predicting KRAS mutation was significantly better than that of SUV_kur (z = 3.258, P = 0.001). Conclusion: PET texture parameters and conventional parameters can be used to predict the KRAS gene status in CRC patients, and SUV_max may be the best parameter. (authors)

[en] Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical role of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in detection of malignant melanoma. Methods: The whole body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed on 61 patients with malignant melanoma. All PET and CT images of one patient were fused by the specific software on workstation. PET images, CT images and PET/CT fused images were analyzed by frame to frame. All patients were followed up for at least six months or last to the patient death. The final diagnosis was obtained by pathologic finding horn surgery or biopsy, and (or) multi-modalities of imaging and clinical follow-up. Results: The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/ CT for detecting primary malignant melanoma was 90.9% (40/44), 88.2% (15/17) and 90.2% (55/61), respectively. In 9 patients post local surgery and proven histologically malignant melanoma, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/ CT detected the residual and metastatic tumor in 3/5 and 4/4 eases, respectively. In 7 patients with metastastic melanoma, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT found primary tumors in 2 eases and metastatic foci in 4 eases. In 33 patients after the radical operation, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for detecting recurrence or metastasis was 100.0% (19/19), 85.7% (12/14) and 93.9% (31/33), respectively. Of these 33 patients, 16 (48.5%) were up-staged and 7 (21.2%) were down-staged by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/ CT. Conclusion: ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is a valuable imaging tool to detect the residual, recurrent and metastatic tumor in patients with malignant melanoma. (authors)

[en] Objective: To assess the value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging in localizing the epileptic foci and its use in surgical therapy. Methods: PET brain imaging was performed in 110 patients with primary epilepsy. The images were analyzed by visual inspection and semi-quantitative measurement. The scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) was examined in all patients, among whom electrocorticogram (ECoG) or depth electroencephalogram (DEEG) was examined in 26 cases and MRI and(or) CT were performed in 66 cases. In 110 cases, temporal lobectomy was performed in 17 patients and X-ray or γ knife therapy was performed in 69 cases. The duration of follow-up lasted at least 1 year. Results: 88.2% cases had abnormal PET imaging among 110 cases including 94.8% hypometabolic foci and 5.2% hypermetabolic foci. PET was more sensitive than EEG and MRI (88.2%, 67.3% and 43.5% respectively, χ² were 13.88 and 24.17, all P <0.01). PET detected solitary lesion well in 60.8% patients, the result was also more sensitive than EEG (60.8% vs 35.1% , χ²=11.08, P<0.01). Compared with ECoG or DEEG, the sensitivity and accuracy of PET to localize the epileptic foci were 92% and 87%. 17 patients treated by temporal lobectomy and 69 patients by X-ray or γ knife therapy guided with PET, all got satisfactory results. Conclusion: ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging is a sensitive modality in localizing epileptic foci and also useful to guide surgical and orientation radiation therapy. (authors)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the standardized uptake value (SUV) with the pathologic pattern and staging of tung cancer. Methods: Whole body ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging was performed in 98 patients with lung cancer. The lesions sites were visualized by two experienced nuclear physicians and the regions of interest ( ROI ) were drawn. The SUV were displayed by the workstation automatically. The size of lesions were calculated by the formula: L=(length of long axis + short axis + longitudinal axis)/3. Results: The SUV in adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, alveolar carcinoma and other groups were 4.4 ± 2.1, 5.4 ± 2.8, 4.4 ± 1.3, 2.5 ± 0.7, 4.7 ± 1.2, respectively. The SUV in alveolar carcinoma was smaller than that of squamous and adenocarcinoma carcinoma groups (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference between other groups (P>0.05). Generally there was no correlation between the size of lesion and the SUV in the 98 patients (r=0.54, P>0.05), except the group with size ≤3.0 cm. If the size of lesion was categorized into ≤1.5 cm, ∼3.0 cm, ∼5.0 cm and >5.0 cm groups, the SUV were 2.3 ± 0.8, 3.6 ± 1.1, 4.8 ± 1.6, 5.1 ± 1.5, respectively, significant differences were found among them (F=18.8, P<0.01 ) except two groups with size >3.0 cm (P>0.05). Sixteen patients with SUV <2.5 mainly were adenocarcinoma, alveolar carcinoma and the patients whose lesions size were <1.5 cm. Conclusions: There is no relationship between SUV and pathologic pattern of lung cancer except alveolar carcinoma. When the size of lesion is ≤3 cm, there is correlation between SUV and staging of lung cancer, and small lesion often has lower SUV. (authors)