[en] The effects of the combinations of caffeine with ¹³⁷Cs-gamma rays or tritiated water on the proliferation and malignant transformation in vitro in CHL-1 cells were observed in experiments. At the concentrations of caffeine from 1 mmol/L to 2 mmol/L, the dose ranges of ¹³⁷Cs-gamma rays from 0.837 Gy and to 2.51 Gy and of tritium-beta radiation from 0.837 Gy to 0.528 Gy, the cell proliferation of CHL-1 cells was found to be inbigited when cells were exposed to caffeine, gamma and beta radiations, respectively, as well as when they were exposed to various combinations of caffeine with the two latters. The degree of inhibition of cell proliferation was dependent upon the concentration of caffeine and on the doses of radiation. In the transformation experiments, cell malignant transformation rates for all treated groups were higher than that for contol group and the rates for irradiated plus caffeine-treated groups were higher than those for corresponding single-agent-treated ones. After the subcutaneous injection of transformed cells into irradiated mice, tumours in size of about 2 mm³ were found in some animals and the tumour cells were identical with in-vitro-transformed CHL-1 cells histopathologically

[en] Chromosomal aberration of human lymphocytes at G_O phases of cell cycle induced by tritium β-rays and ⁶⁰Co γ-rays were investigated. Dose-response relationship has been observed (dose range from 0 to 0.5 Gy). The results showed that chromosomal type aberration is the main aberration for both radiations and the data of dicentrics gave the best fit to the linear model respectively Y = -0.0824 + 0.0555 D and Y = -0.0719 + 0.0263 D. Taking ⁶⁰Co γ-rays as a reference source, the RBE value of dicentrics for tritium β-rays irradiation was estimated to be 2

[en] The macropages in human and ratlung lavages were exposed in vitro to ²³⁹PuO₂ for studying their phagocytic activities. Besides, ²³⁹PuO₂ was introduced into rats' lung by intratracheal injection. The results suggested that in vivo and in vitro results of rat macrophages were similar, and the results in vitro activities of phagocytes of humans and rats were also similar. The proportions of macrophages in both human and rat lung lavages were over 80% and their average diameters were 12.53 and 11.35 μm, respectively

[en] Abstract only

[en] The proliferation of cells and the relationship between survival and dose were investigated in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells grown at stationary phase and irradiated with ⁶⁰Co gamma-rays. The ultrastructural changes and chromosome aberration in the cells after irradiation were also observed. The frequency of chromosome aberrations increased linearly with dose and the yields of dicentrics plus rings were best fitted to a linear-quadratic model. The 50% growth-inhibited dose was found to be 4.0Gy. Electron microscopy observation revealed swelling and vacuolation of mitochodria and indistinct cristae at lower doses. The alterations in nucleus at higher doses appeared to be depression of nuclear membrane and disappearance of chromatin

[en] In this paper, the in vitro short and long term effects of ²³⁹PuO₂ on human embryo lung fibroblast are reported. The short term effect observed is the changes in proliferation and survival of the cell line which were exposed to ²³⁹PuO₂ with concentration of 0.0006 μCi/mL for a week. On 7th day, the proliferation was only 4.88 PDN (population doubling number), while the control was 10.5 PDN. On the 6th day the surviving fraction of the treated cells was 56.3% and that of the control was 96%. For the long term effect studies, the follow-up observation for 12 groups of cell culture exposed to ²³⁹PuO₂ of 0.0015 and 0.003 μCi/mL was made. In the cultures exposed to ²³⁹PuO₂ of 0.003 μCi/mL, the shape of the cells became shorter and their life-span shortened with a higher mortality and death appears early. In 7 cultures exposed to ²³⁹PuO₂ of 0.0015 μCi/mL, the change in cell morphology was the same as above and their life span was shortened by 58.7% averagely in comparison with control. On other two cultures of them not only was no life-span shortening found, but it was longer than that in the control and their inherent characteristics of regionol arrangment disappeared. At last epithelium-like shape of transformed cells were appeared. In the electron microscope siking of the nuclear membranes into nucleus and hypertrophy of the nucleolus with netted structure can be observed. The nuclear volume increased largely and the ratio between nucleus and cytoplasm increased

[en] The carcinogenic effects of Pu compounds through different routs of administration are introduced. The following results have been obtained: (1) Pu is really a powerful carcinogenic radionuclide. (2) Osteosarcoma can be induced in rats by plutonium nitrate at low level radiation. The incidence is from 38.9% to 42.9% in the 185 kBq/kg group. (3) Lung cancer can be induced by plutonium dioxide and the biological effect of TLN (thoracic lymph node) is significant. (4) Under the combined treatment of ²³⁹Pu, ⁹⁰Sr and ¹⁴⁴Ce, the carcinogenic effects is much greater than their separative effect on rats. (5) By using the method of comparative toxicology, the risk of osteosarcoma induced by Pu in human is about 600/(10⁶ man·cGy) which is extrapolated from animal to human. The above conclusions are important for evaluating the potential hazard of Pu to human beings

[en] Abstract only

[en] High background electrolyte and natural organic matter are favorable to migration of hazardous radionuclides in geochemical repository. Herein, Ca–Mg–Al layered double hydroxide coated onto graphene oxide (Ca–Mg–Al LDH/GO) composites were successfully synthesized, characterized and adopted to decontaminate Eu(III) and fulvic acid (FA) under diverse experimental conditions. Diverse concentration gradients and different addition sequences on Eu(III) and FA were also obtained, which revealed different interaction mechanisms. The experimental results displayed that the coexistence of FA and Eu(III) respectively promoted adsorption performance of Eu(III) and FA under the ternary systems. The acquired Ca–Mg–Al LDH/GO composites were adopted to remove Eu(III) and FA, which further illustrated excellent chemo-physical stability and adsorption capacity of 1.12 × 10⁻³ mol/g and 3.54 × 10⁻⁴ mol/g, respectively. The remarkable adsorption performances of Ca–Mg–Al LDH/GO were confirmed through kinetic procedures and depending-temperature isotherms, illustrating that the kinetics processes were simulated using pseudo-second-order pattern, and the adsorption isotherms were splendidly simulated using Langmuir pattern. XPS spectrum analysis revealed that these containing oxygen groups took significant part in the restricting of Eu(III) and FA onto the surfaces of Ca–Mg–Al LDH/GO composites. In view of experimental results, the Ca–Mg–Al LDH/GO composites can be as potential adsorbents with availably recycled reusability for the decontamination of Eu(III) and FA from nuclear fuel partition or nuclear wastewater systems.