[en] Three metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), [Cu(INA)_2], [Cu(INA)_2I_2] and [Cu(INA)_2(H_2O)_2(NH_3)_2], were synthesized with 3D, 2D, and 0D structures, respectively. Reversible flexible structural changes of these MOFs were reported. Through high temperature (60–100 °C) stimulation of I_2 or ambient temperature stimulation of NH_3, [Cu(INA)_2] (3D) converted to [Cu(INA)_2I_2] (2D) and [Cu(INA)_2(H_2O)_2(NH_3)_2] (0D); as the temperature increased to 150 °C, the MOFs changed back to their original form. In this way, this 3D MOF has potential application in the capture of I_2 and NH_3 from polluted water and air. XRD, TGA, SEM, NH_3-TPD, and the measurement of gas adsorption were used to describe the changes in processes regarding the structure, morphology, and properties. - Graphical abstract: Through I_2, NH_3 molecules and thermal stimulation, the three MOFs can achieve reversible flexible structural changes. Different methods were used to prove the flexible reversible changes. - Highlights: • [Cu(INA)_2] can flexible transform to [Cu(INA)_2I_2] and [Cu(INA)_2(H_2O)_2(NH_3)_2] by adsorbing I_2 or NH_3. • The reversible flexible transformation related to material source, temperature and concentration. • Potential applications for the capture of I_2 and NH_3 from polluted water or air

[en] In this paper, we describe a synthesis strategy of deoxycholate (DC) intercalated layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanohybrids via a coassembly method at room temperature. For this strategy, LDH particles were delaminated to well-dispersed 2D nanosheets in formamide, and the resulting LDH nanosheets were then coassembled with DC anions into the DC intercalated LDH (DC-LDH) nanohybrids. The so-synthesized nanohybrids were characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR, elemental analyses and TG-DSC. It was found that the loading amount of DC in the nanohybrids could be easily controlled by changing the ratio of DC to LDH. In addition, the nanohybrids have similar characteristics with the DC-LDH nanohybrids synthesized by the hydrothermal method, including their DC loading, crystal structure, morphology and thermal gravimetric behavior. However, this strategy exhibited the advantages of short reaction time and mild experimental conditions compared with the hydrothermal method. - Graphical abstract: Deoxycholate intercalated layered double hydroxide nanohybrids were successfully synthesized via a coassembly strategy. In this strategy, the interlayer spaces of LDHs can be efficiently used for the intercalation of guest species. - Highlights: • Deoxycholate intercalated layered double hydroxide nanohybrids were synthesized via a coassembly strategy. • This strategy exhibited the advantages of short time and mild conditions. • This strategy can enable organic species to be readily intercalated into the LDH galleries

[en] Highlights: • The contact areas, thermal radiation and other influences were considered in this theoretical model. • Two experimental platforms were respectively built up, one is based on transient thermal probe method and the other is based on transient plane source method. • The effective thermal conductivity of Li₄SiO₄ pebble bed has been obtained. • The comparison between the experimental results and calculation results showing a great agreement. - Abstract: The effective thermal conductivity of breeder pebble bed as an important thermal physical parameter directly affects the thermal and mechanical properties of solid blanket. Theoretical and experimental studies on effective thermal conductivity of Li₄SiO₄ pebble bed were introduced in this paper. First, a theoretical model coupling the contact areas with bed strains was presented to predict the effective thermal conductivity of mono-sized pebble bed. Taken into account in this theoretical model is the influence of factors, such as properties of pebbles and gas, bed porosity, pebble size, gas flow, contact areas, thermal radiation and contact resistance. Second, experimental platforms were built up to measure the effective thermal conductivity of Li₄SiO₄ pebble bed. One is based on transient thermal probe method and the other is based on transient plane source method. The effective thermal conductivity of Li₄SiO₄ pebble bed with pebbles in a diameter of around 1 mm were measured in the temperature range of RT ∼ 550 °C. The helium at 0.1 MPa and air at atmospheric pressure were used as filling gas respectively to assess the influence on effective thermal conductivity of pebble bed. The comparison between the experimental results and calculation results by theoretical model was also discussed.

[en] In order to solve the problem of small transmission power and large space occupation of the magnetic vortex coupler, a hybrid magnetic coupler is proposed. A 3D magnetic field finite element distribution model was built according to the effects of the structural parameters of this hybrid magnetic coupler on its dynamic performance, its structural parameters were optimized by an improved response surface methodology (IRSM), and then the correctness of these optimized parameters was verified in a self-designed test. The structural parameters of this hybrid magnetic coupler were optimized using IRSM, the optimization results showing that the magnetic flux density in this hybrid magnetic coupler increased by 5.01 times. According to the test results, the maximum error between the test value and the optimal value of maximum torque, average output speed and slip is 11.9 %, 5.3 % and 9.7 %, respectively, suggesting that this optimization method is tenable. The results could serve as theoretical and technical bases for the design of hybrid magnetic couplers.

[en] Iodine-125 was used as labeling nuclide, and the PEG-rhIL-6 was labeled by the common used chloramines-T and the two-phase chloramines-T, respectively. The labeled compound was purified by both methods of gel filtration and ultrafiltration respectively. The purity of the labeled PEG-rhIL-6 was determined by both trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and SDS-PAGE, and the biological activity was determined by MTT method. The results demonstrated that the labeling rate and specific radioactivity were 74.5% and 5.513 x 10⁵ Bq/μg for PEG-rhIL-6 by the two-phase chloramines-T method, higher than that by the common used chloramines-T method, which was 62.3% and 4.610 x 10⁵ Bq/μg respectively. The purity of labeled PEG-rhIL-6, purified by both gel filtration and ultrafiltration methods, was over 99% with TCA method. The labeled PEG-rhIL-6 by two-phase chloramines-T method showed two bands, which was identical to that of standard PEG-rhIL-6 though SDS-PAGE, but the labeled PEG-rhIL-6 by common used chloramines-T method had one more band compared with standard PEG-rhIL-6. When determined by MTT, it shown that the biological activity of PEG-rhIL-6 iodinated by common used chloramines-T method was lower than that by two-phase chloramines-T method. (authors)

[en] We investigate the flux and polarization signals of Earth-like exoplanets covered by sub-solar clouds. These clouds occur at the region where solar zenith angle is smaller than a specific angle $\mathrm{\sigma <!--\; ??\; -->}$. We calculate the flux and polarization of the light reflected by the planetary disk, and we include multiple scattering. For a given $\mathrm{\sigma <!--\; ??\; -->}$, the sub-solar cloud coverage will change with the phase angle, corresponding to the various viewing geometries. We study the influences of cloud optical thicknesses, surface albedos, cloud particle sizes and wavelengths. Then we investigate how these parameters together with the variation of cloud coverage caused by viewing geometries leave traces on flux and polarization signals. The larger values of $\mathrm{\sigma <!--\; ??\; -->}$ corresponding to larger cloud coverage before the cloud totally disappears, which increases flux and reduces polarization. For a given value of $\mathrm{\sigma <!--\; ??\; -->}$, while considering the influences of parameters such as cloud optical thickness, surface albedo, cloud particle size and wavelength, the cloud coverage variation also should be taken into account. The location of a rainbow is not affected by $\mathrm{\sigma <!--\; ??\; -->}$, cloud optical thickness and surface albedo. However, both the larger values of sub-solar cloud optical thicknesses and the larger surface albedos would reduce the polarization of the rainbow peaks. The location of a rainbow may be affected by cloud particle effective radius ($r_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}}$) and wavelength. As $r_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}}$ and/or wavelength increases, the polarization signal shows a stronger primary rainbow feature. The location of the maximum polarization can be affected by $\mathrm{\sigma <!--\; ??\; -->}$, cloud optical thickness, surface albedo and wavelength. But the $r_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}}$ seems not to affect the location of maximum polarization. The longer wavelength (such as 865 nm) is suitable to derive sub-solar cloud coverage, and the rainbow feature can help to characterize cloud particles. All these results emphasize the importance of polarimetry for the characterization of exoplanets.

[en] Objective: To investigate the clinical and MRI features of multiple sclerosis in children, including the clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapse. Methods: In total, 16 cases of pediatric multiple sclerosis were included in this study. Of them, 11 patients were female and 5 were male, with the mean onset age of 10.1 years. They were followed up for 4 months to 7 years and found to have 1- 5 relapses. The clinical manifestations of CIS and relapse were analyzed by a pediatric neurologist. An experienced neuroradiologist reviewed the MRI images of CIS and relapse. Information on the location, size, and pattern of the lesions was gathered. The location of lesions included subcortical, central, and periventricular white matter, cortex, deep gray matter, brain stem, and cerebellum. Results: CIS episode presented acute onsets in 13/16 cases, with symptoms of cortices in 10 cases and visual impairment in 6 cases. Relapse occurred in 14/16 cases within one year. The incidence of symptoms of cortices was less frequent and severe in the second episode of MS, whereas the visual impairment had a high incidence. All patients had full recovery after the last episode. MRI of CIS showed confluent subcortical white matter lesions in 13/16 cases, abutting on central white matter lesions. The most frequently involved brain part was the frontal lobe, followed by the parietal lobe. Cortical involvement was observed in 9/16 cases. In 6 cases, periventricular white matter lesions were detected. Bilateral deep gray matter was abnormal in 4 cases. Other abnormalities included brain stem lesions in 5 cases, cerebellum lesions in 3 cases, optic nerve involvement in 3 cases, and pyramidal tract lesions in 2 cases. MRI of relapse revealed more small lesions in the subcortical and periventricular white matter in the patients. In the second episode, only 2 cases presented cortical involvement. Lesions were found in the brain stem in 4 cases and in the cerebellum in 5 cases. Pyramidal tract involvement was identified in 6 cases, serving as 'railway track sign'. Conclusions: CIS in children is characterized by large confluent lesions in subcortical white matter coalescing with central white matter. MRI of relapse showed distinctive 'railway track sign'. It is important to integrate MRI and clinical features in the diagnosis of pediatric multiple sclerosis. (authors)

[en] The curves between the activation energy ΔEv.s. water content V_H2O of the microemulsions composed of P507(K)-alcohol (propanol, butanol, pentanol and hexanol)-heptane-water were studied. According to the electrical conductivity mechanism, with cation as the charge carrier, three types of figures composed of P507(K)-hexanol(pentanol), P507(K)-butanol and P507(K)-propanol were explained successfully

[en] Highlights: • A new combined heating and power system is proposed to generate power and hot water. • The biomass is partially gasified in the gasifier. • Carbon conversion ratio and temperature of warm water are the key parameters. • The thermodynamic performance of proposed system is numerically investigated. - Abstract: Biomass and geothermal energy are becoming promising traditional energy alternatives. For biomass utilization with thermal-chemical gasification technologies, adopting total gasification scheme always leads to large exergy destruction and low thermal efficiency. Besides that, in typical biomass based combined heating and power systems, the flue gas at middle temperature is usually utilized to produce domestic hot water directly, which also leads to large exergy loss for relative large energy grade difference. In the light of geothermal energy utilization, i.e. ground source heat pump systems, for the relative high temperature required of output stream, a relative high compression ratio is required accordingly, which leads to a low coefficient of performance of ground source heat pump. In order to solve the above referred problems, a novel heating and power co-generation system coupling biomass partial gasification and ground source heat pump is proposed and analyzed in this study. The proposed system consists of four subsystems: biomass partial gasification subsystem; gas turbine power generation subsystem; steam turbine power generation subsystems; and ground source heat pump subsystem. The features of this novel system focus on: only part of the biomass is gasified not all (partial gasification), the syngas and un-reacted char are used as fuels for gas turbine (Brayton cycle) and steam turbine (Rankine cycle) power generation respectively; in the ground source heat pump subsystem, the temperature of required water is reduced to 39 °C instead of 55 °C, and will be further reheated to 55 °C by flue gas at middle temperature from biomass based combined heating and power subsystem. The thermodynamic performance of the proposed system is numerically investigated. The results indicate that the proposed system can make a better use of biomass and geothermal energy, which can achieve an overall energy efficiency of 72.12% with a heat to power ratio 3.93, and the coefficient of performance of ground source heat pump subsystem can be improved to 5.6 with the compression ratio 3.2. What's more, the system integrating mechanism in this study is very helpful for other advanced biomass based and multi-energy coupling systems.

[en] Objective: To evaluate the contrast enhanced CT manifestations of lymphoma involving cervical lymph node and to compare with features of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: CT findings of cervical lymph node were reviewed in 56 patients (male 44, female 12; age: 9-75 year, median 42 year) with untreated lymphoma and 66 patients (male 51, female 15; age: 16-76 year, median 48 year) with squamous cell carcinoma. Four patterns of enhanced nodes were identified: Type I: homogeneous enhancement with an attenuation equal or similar to that of muscle. Type II: heterogeneous enhancement with an attenuation much higher than that of muscle. Type III: central low-density with peripheral enhancement. The enhanced rim was thick and irregular (III A), or thin and regular (III B). Type IV: central soft tissue density with a very thin enhanced capsule. Results: There were various manifestations of cervical nodes of malignant lymphoma, more than one type of abnormalities could be found simultaneously. Type I(47/56, 83.9%) and Type IV(15/56, 26.8%) were almost exclusively found in lymphoma. Type II was more commonly seen in squamous cell carcinoma (31/66, 47%), but was rarely seen in lymphoma (8/56, 14.3%). Type III can be seen in both of these disease entities (lymphoma 21/56, 37.5%; squamous cell carcinoma 52/66, 78.8%), but was more common in squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The typical CT manifestations of cervical nodes of untreated lymphoma were bilateral multiple enlarged, iso-density (compared with adjacent muscles) and homogeneous, with or without a thin rim-like enhanced capsule, however, lymph nodes with low-density and irregular peripheral enhancement could also be noted