[en] The relationship was studied between the relative mobility of a group of 19 chlorophenols in different buffers modified by eight kinds of different organic additives in capillary zone electrophoresis and a set of 10 molecular descriptors calculated by semi-empirical quantum chemical method PM3 implemented in HyperChem. Using multiple linear regression (MLR), we obtained an empirical function which included five descriptors. The performance of radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) was evaluated and proved better than MLR

[en] This paper presents a new trapped-field magnet made of second-generation high-temperature superconducting (2G HTS) rings. This so-called ring-shape 2G HTS magnet has the potential to provide much stronger magnetic fields relative to existing permanent magnets. Compared to existing 2G HTS trapped- field magnets, e.g. 2G HTS bulks and stacks, this new ring-shape 2G HTS magnet is more flexible in size and can be made into magnets with large dimensions for industrial applications. Effective magnetization is the key to being able to use trapped-field magnets. Therefore, this paper focuses on the magnetization mechanism of this new magnet using both experimental and numerical methods. Unique features have been identified and quantified for this new type of HTS magnet in the field cooling and zero field cooling process. The magnetization mechanism can be understood by the interaction between shielding currents and the penetration of external magnetic fields. An accumulation in the trapped field was observed by using multiple pulse field cooling. Three types of demagnetization were studied to measure the trapped-field decay for practical applications. Our results show that this new ring-shape HTS magnet is very promising in the trapping of a high magnetic field. As a super-permanent magnet, it will have a significant impact on large-scale industrial applications, e.g. the development of HTS machines with a very high power density and HTS magnetic resonance imaging devices. (paper)

[en] Fully superconducting machines provide the high power density required for future electric aircraft propulsion. However, superconducting windings generate AC losses in AC electrical machine environments. These AC losses are difficult to eliminate at low temperatures, and they add an extra burden to the aircraft cooling system. Due to the heavy cooling penalty, AC loss in the HTS stator is one of the key topics in HTS machine design. In order to evaluate the AC loss of superconducting stator windings in a rotational machine environment, we designed and built a novel axial-flux high temperature superconducting (HTS) machine platform. The AC loss measurement is based on the calorimetric boiling-off of liquid nitrogen. Both total AC loss and magnetisation loss in the HTS stator are measured under the condition of a rotational magnetic field. This platform represents a key element in studying ways to minimise AC losses in an HTS stator, in order to maximise the efficiency of fully HTS machines. (paper)

[en] The high-temperature superconductor (HTS) (RE)Ba₂Cu₃O_x (REBCO) conductor on round core (CORC) cable has great advantages with its high current capacity and power density. In REBCO CORC cables, current is redistributed among tapes through terminal contact resistance (TCR) when a local quench occurs. Therefore, its quench behavior is different from the single tape situation. To better understand the underlying physical process of local quenches in CORC cables, a new 3D multi-physics modeling tool for CORC cables is developed and presented in this paper. In this model, the REBCO tape is treated as a thin shell without thickness, and four models are coupled: a T-formulation model, an A-formulation model, a heat transfer model, and an equivalent circuit model. The T-formulation model is applied to the conductor shell only to calculate current distribution, which will be input into the A-formulation model; the A-formulation model is applied to the whole 3D domain to calculate the magnetic field, which is then fed back to the T-formulation model. The hot spot-induced quenches of CORC cables are analyzed. The results show that the thermal stability of the CORC cable can be considerably improved by reducing the TCR. The minimum quench energy (MQE) increases rapidly with the reduction of TCR when the resistance is in a middle range, which is about in this study. When the TCR is too low () or too high (), the MQE shows no obvious variation with TCR. With a low TCR, a hot spot in one tape may induce an overcurrent quench on other tapes. This will not happen in a cable with high TCR. In this case, the tape with a hot spot will quench and burn out before inducing a quench on other tapes. The developed modeling tool can be used to design CORC cables with improved thermal stability. (paper)

[en] Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has a very important application in the nondestructive imaging of biological cells. In view of the complex structure and various devices of imaging optical structure in traditional dual-channel orthogonal QPI, a new structure of a special pentaprism is designed as the main body of the orthogonal dual-channel phase microscopic imaging based on simulation design. In this dual-channel orthogonal QPI light structure, a hollow channel is designed as a sampling channel inside the pentaprism, a single light source through deflection of the pentaprism can form orthogonal dual-channel beams, with optical lens after diffraction modulation can form orthogonal dual-channel interference, the orthogonal dual-channel wrapped phase microscopic images are imaged on the sensors. The emulational and experimental results show that this design greatly simplifies the optical structure, uses very few optical devices, and the imaging path structure is compact and stable. With the use of single light source, the imaging quality of the dual light path has been significantly improved, which can provide a new technical basis for the improvement of biological cell (3-D) imaging technology and its instrument advancement. (paper)

[en] A Conductor on Round Core (CORC^®) cable wound with a high temperature superconductor is an important cable concept for high current density applications. The design of a CORC cable makes understanding its electromagnetic performance—for example its AC losses—challenging. This paper presents a thorough study of CORC cables by combining experimental and numerical methods. In particular, it focuses on understanding how the cable structure influences the magnetization losses and on how these can be reduced. A novelty of this paper lies in the use of a new T-A formulation, which, for the first time, is employed for three-dimensional modelling of a CORC cable with real geometry. The use of the new T-A formulation in finite element software enables the study of how the winding direction and multiple-layer structure affect the magnetization losses of CORC cables. Moreover, influence of striation in CORC cables is studied as an effective way to reduce their losses. A CORC cable with striated tapes shows a significant magnetization loss reduction at high magnetic fields, in comparison to its counterpart without striated tapes. At low magnetic fields, tape striation leads to an increase in loss when the number of filaments is low, then the loss drops with a further increase in the number of filaments, but this loss reduction is much weaker than that at high fields. This paper provides an efficient tool for investigating the electromagnetic behaviour of CORC cables, which can provide valuable guidance in designing CORC cables with minimized losses for high energy physics and energy conversion applications. (paper)

[en] An oligochaete reactor linked to an integrated oxidation ditch with vertical cycle (IODVC) was used to investigate the sludge reduction potential induced by worms. The presence of Tubificidae was observed in the worm reactor throughout the operational period after its inoculation, and Tubificidae was occasionally found in the IODVC. Free-swimming worms, Aeolosoma hemprichi, Nais elinguis, and Aulophorus furcatus, were found in both the IODVC and the worm reactor, but A. hemprichi was dominant. A. hemprichi reached its maximum, 322 and 339 Aeolosoma/mL mixed liquor on day 49 in the worm reactor and the IODVC, respectively. The presence of oligochaetes or the integration of worm reactor with the IODVC had little effect on sludge yield, but the worm growth was helpful for improving sludge settling characteristics. The average sludge yield and sludge volume index (SVI) in the IODVC were 0.33 kgSS/kgCOD_removed and 78 mL/g, respectively. The worm presence had little impact on effluent quality of the IODVC, but it caused phosphorus release into the effluent. The average COD, NH₄⁺-N, and SS concentrations in the effluent of the IODVC were 49.06, 12.82, and 58.25 mg/L, respectively. No total nitrogen (TN) release into the effluent of the IODVC occurred

[en] Highlights: • The first ICT-based ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe for ONOO⁻ was reported. • The probe could accurately and sensitively determine ONOO⁻ (DL = 1.4 nM). • The probe displayed preeminent selectivity towards ONOO⁻. • The probe exhibited an ultrafast response for ONOO⁻ (<10 s). • The probe can monitor ONOO⁻ levels in live cells by two-photon microscopy. -- Abstract: In this work, taking full advantage of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism, a hydroxynaphthalimide-based ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe RTP-PN was synthesized to detect ONOO⁻. Probe RTP-PN could accurately detect ONOO⁻ in the range of 1.4 nM-1.4 μM with the detection limit of 1.4 nM by a ratiometric fluorescence spectroscopy method. Additionally, probe RTP-PN exhibited an ultrafast response for ONOO⁻ than other various species including H₂O₂ and ClO⁻. Finally, probe RTP-PN was successfully adopted to detect intracellular ONOO⁻ by the two-photon excitation microscopy.

[en] Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are semi-volatile chemicals that are considered persistent in the environment, potential toxic and subject to long-range transport. This study investigates the concentrations and gas-particle partitioning of SCCPs at an urban site in Beijing during summer and wintertime. The total atmospheric SCCP levels ranged 1.9–33.0 ng/m³ during wintertime. Significantly higher levels were found during the summer (range 112–332 ng/m³). The average fraction of total SCCPs in the particle phase (φ) was 0.67 during wintertime but decreased significantly during the summer (φ = 0.06). The ten and eleven carbon chain homologues with five to eight chlorine atoms were the predominant SCCP formula groups in air. Significant linear correlations were found between the gas-particle partition coefficients and the predicted subcooled vapor pressures and octanol–air partition coefficients. The gas-particle partitioning of SCCPs was further investigated and compared with both the Junge–Pankow adsorption and K_oa-based absorption models. - Highlights: ► Short chain chlorinated paraffins were investigated in air samples from Beijing. ► Higher levels of SCCPs were found in air during summertime than wintertime. ► Relevant physical–chemical properties were estimated by SPARC and EPI Suite. ► Obtained data were used to model the gas-particle partitioning of SCCPs. - Atmospheric levels and gas-particle partitioning of SCCPs in Beijing, China.

[en] ATAD2 is associated with many cellular processes, such as cell growth, migration and invasion. However, no studies have been conducted on the molecular biological function of the ATAD2 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The protein and mRNA level expression of ATAD2 was examined in tissues and cell lines. Prognostic significance was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier survival method and Cox regression. ATAD2 knockdown was used to analyze cell proliferation and invasion. The upstream and downstream of ATAD2 was analyzed by RT"2 Profiler™ PCR array and luciferasex fluorescence system. ATAD2 was highly expressed in liver cancer samples and correlated with poor survival. High ATAD2 expression was positively correlated with metastasis (P = 0.005) and was an independent prognostic factor in HCC (P = 0.001). ATAD2 depletion by RNA interference reduced their capacity for invasion and proliferation and led to a G1 phase arrest in vitro. Further study revealed that miR-372 was an upstream target of ATAD2 as miR-372 was bound directly to its 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). In addition, ATAD2 knockdown was found to extremely up-regulate APC expression and down-regulate CTNNA1 at the mRNA level. The findings demonstrated that miR-372 suppressed the expression of ATAD2, which was highly expressed in HCC and exerted a proto-oncogene effect in hepatic carcinogenesis. In conclusion, ATAD2 may promote HCC progression