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[en] March 11, 2011, a huge earthquake and tidal waves in Japan lead to dangerous levels of nuclear leakage at Fukushima nuclear plant, the nuclear accident also cause public panic m many countries. To investigate the reason of the public panic, we employ the theories of sociology and psychology, analyzed that the public panic come from Ignorant Panic. Herd Behavior, Primacy Effect, Stereotype Activation Effect, and the superposition of these effects. In addition, we proposed three measures to the public panic: First, we should emphasize the safety of nuclear power and establish the positive image of nuclear power Second, we should emphasize the popular science of nuclear power so that nu clear power can be accepted in the public; Third, we should enhance the psychological intervention system for nuclear safe emergency and improve the effect of psychological intervention
Source
Chinese Nuclear Society, Beijing (China); 621 p; ISBN 978-7-5022-5601-2; 
; Oct 2012; p. 692-697; 2011 academic annual meeting of China Nuclear Society; Beijing (China); 11-14 Oct 2011; 8 refs.
; Oct 2012; p. 692-697; 2011 academic annual meeting of China Nuclear Society; Beijing (China); 11-14 Oct 2011; 8 refs.
[en] Objective To investigate the connection between the understanding of basic knowledge of nuclear power and whether to accept the changes in attitude with Fukushima nuclear accidents for college students who were education in public. Methods 3000 questionnaires were distributed for college students by anonymity before and after the accident in the Fukushima nuclear power plant, respectively. Results the results of investigation showed that Fukushima nuclear accidents have influenced on the mental of college students, there significant differences between the two investigations. Conclusion college students have a little knowledge of nuclear power, it is necessary to strengthen publicity and education efforts for college students. (authors)
Source
Chinese Nuclear Society, Beijing (China); 621 p; ISBN 978-7-5022-5601-2; ; Oct 2012; p. 1029-1032; 2011 academic annual meeting of China Nuclear Society; Beijing (China); 11-14 Oct 2011; 3 tabs., 7 refs.
; Oct 2012; p. 1029-1032; 2011 academic annual meeting of China Nuclear Society; Beijing (China); 11-14 Oct 2011; 3 tabs., 7 refs.
[en] Development of high-performance electrocatalysts in basic electrolyte is of significance for the decrease in unnecessary energy consumption for production of hydrogen. Herein, we have demonstrated one-step chemical reduction strategy to fabricate platinum–nickel alloy nanoparticle–supported reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as excellent electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in basic condition. Graphene-supported alloy nanocatalysts are achieved by simply controlling the molar ratios of bimetallic precursors. We confirm that nickel species on the surface of as-synthesized nanocatalysts tend to be oxidized as nickel hydroxide during the fabrication. Our nanocatalysts synthesized at the equivalent molar ratios of platinum and nickel salts exhibit much higher electrocatalytic activity for HER than the commercial Pt/C and graphene-supported Pt counterparts in same conditions. The performance improvement is not only attributed to nickel hydroxide layer on our nanocatalysts facilitating the decomposition of water in basic media but also ascribed to the partial replacement of Pt atoms by Ni ones decreasing the Pt–H bond energy and improving desorption of hydrogen atoms on Pt–Ni alloy nanocatalysts. Furthermore, our nanocatalysts present excellent HER catalytic stability. Our results will provide a facile and effective strategy on the development of the excellent Pt-containing composite nanocatalysts for applications in electrocatalysis. .
Journal
Journal of Nanoparticle Research; ISSN 1388-0764; ; v. 21(1); p. 1-15
; v. 21(1); p. 1-15
[en] Objective: To evaluate the value of MR angiography in thrombolytic therapy of acute ischemic stroke. Methods: According to inclusion criteria, 65 patients who also having large vessel occlusion were selected, and they were performed rt-PA treatment (38 patients) and routine treatment (27 patients) within 3-6 hours of onset of symptoms, respectively. Mann-Whitney U test and chi square test were performed to compare the clinical and MR imaging baseline index and the clinical outcome between the two groups respectively. Clinical outcome was assessed after 3 months using a dichotomized modified Rankin scale score. Data were also compared with the combined analysis of the ATLANTIS, ECASS, NINDS rt-PA trials. Results: The difference of clinical outcome in 3 months between the two groups was significant (P<0.05) and the median of the two group was 1 and 3, respectively. The ratio of favorable outcome (mRS 0-1) in the two groups was 52.6% (20/38) and 33.3% (9/27), respectively. Conclusion: MR angiography plays an important role in thrombolytic therapy of acute ischemic stroke and it should be used to consummate the conventional inclusion criteria, the patients with large vessel occlusion should be treated by rt-PA. (authors)
Journal
Chinese Journal of Radiology; ISSN 1005-1201; ; v. 42(7); p. 697-701
; v. 42(7); p. 697-701
[en] The use of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) to estimate CO2 emissions from land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) offers a new window to account for spatial and temporal details of emissions and for ecosystem processes affected by LULCC. One drawback of LULCC emissions from DGVMs, however, is lack of observation constraint. Here, we propose a new method of using satellite-and inventory-based biomass observations to constrain historical cumulative LULCC emissions (E-LUC(c)) from an ensemble of nine DGVMs based on emerging relationships between simulated vegetation biomass and E-LUC(c). This method is applicable on the global and regional scale. The original DGVM estimates of E-LUC(c) range from 94 to 273 PgC during 1901-2012. After constraining by current biomass observations, we derive a best estimate of 155 ± 50 PgC (1 σ Gaussian error). The constrained LULCC emissions are higher than prior DGVM values in tropical regions but significantly lower in North America. Our emergent constraint approach independently verifies the median model estimate by biomass observations, giving support to the use of this estimate in carbon budget assessments. The uncertainty in the constrained Ec LUC is still relatively large because of the uncertainty in the biomass observations, and thus reduced uncertainty in addition to increased accuracy in biomass observations in the future will help improve the constraint. This constraint method can also be applied to evaluate the impact of land-based mitigation activities. (authors)
Journal
Biogeosciences; ISSN 1726-4170; ; v. 14(no.22); p. 5053-5067
; v. 14(no.22); p. 5053-5067
[en] National annual inventories of CO2 emitted during fossil fuel consumption (FFCO2) bear 5-10% uncertainties for developed countries, and are likely higher at intra annual scales or for developing countries. Given the current international efforts of mitigating actions, there is a need for independent verifications of these inventories. Atmospheric inversion assimilating atmospheric gradients of CO2 and radiocarbon measurements could provide an independent way of monitoring FFCO2 emissions. A strategy would be to deploy such measurements over continental scale networks and to conduct continental to global scale atmospheric inversions targeting the national and one-month scale budgets of the emissions. Uncertainties in the high-resolution distribution of the emissions could limit the skill for such a large-scale inversion framework. This study assesses the impact of such uncertainties on the potential for monitoring the emissions at large scale. In practice, it is more specifically dedicated to the derivation, typical quantification and analysis of critical sources of errors that affect the inversion of FFCO2 emissions when solving for them at a relatively coarse resolution with a coarse grid transport model. These errors include those due to the mismatch between the resolution of the transport model and the spatial variability of the actual fluxes and concentrations (i.e. the representation errors) and those due to the uncertainties in the spatial and temporal distribution of emissions at the transport model resolution when solving for the emissions at large scale (i.e. the aggregation errors). We show that the aggregation errors characterize the impact of the corresponding uncertainties on the potential for monitoring the emissions at large scale, even if solving for them at the transport model resolution. We propose a practical method to quantify these sources of errors, and compare them with the precision of FFCO2 measurements (i.e. the measurement errors) and the errors in the modelling of atmospheric transport (i.e. the transport errors). The results show that both the representation and measurement errors can be much larger than the aggregation errors. The magnitude of representation and aggregation errors is sensitive to sampling heights and temporal sampling integration time. The combination of these errors can reach up to about 50% of the typical signals, i.e. the atmospheric large-scale mean afternoon FFCO2 gradients between sites being assimilated by the inversion system. These errors have large temporal auto-correlation scales, but short spatial correlation scales. This indicates the need for accounting for these temporal auto-correlations in the atmospheric inversions and the need for dense networks to limit the impact of these errors on the inversion of FFCO2 emissions at large scale. More generally, comparisons of the representation and aggregation errors to the errors in simulated FFCO2 gradients due to uncertainties in current inventories suggest that the potential of inversions using global coarse-resolution models (with typical horizontal resolution of a couple of degrees) to retrieve FFCO2 emissions at sub-continental scale could be limited, and that meso-scale models with smaller representation errors would effectively increase the potential of inversions to constrain FFCO2 emission estimates. (authors)
Journal
Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology (Online); ISSN 1600-0889; ; v. 69; p. 1-26
; v. 69; p. 1-26
[en] Objective: To detect and analyze the influence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) on radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and explore whether the anti-fibrosis effect of transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) is mediated by EMT. Methods: C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group, irradiation group only (irradiated group), and irradiation and TGF-β3 group (TGF-β3 group). The irradiation group received intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 ml saline, and the TGF-β3 group received intraperitoneal injections of 1 μg/kg human recombinant TGF-β3 every week after single dose of 20 Gy irradiation to their thoraxes. The mice in each group were sacrificed for 1, 3, and 6 months after irradiation. The mouse lung pathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome. The expression of EMT epithelium-marked protein zonula occludens-l (ZO-1) and interstitial-marked protein N-cadherin were measured by immunohistochemistry. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact probability. Results: Alveolar walls thickened, collagen fibers were deposited, and other typical fibrosis changed after irradiation. Unlike those in the irradiation group, pulmonary fibrosis lesions were significantly reduced (Z = -2.562, -2.807, both P < 0.05) and collagen deposition was obviously decreased (Z = 2.442, 2.529, both P < 0.05) in the TGF-β3 group. The expression of ZO-l was markedly decreased (Z = 4.492, 5.831, 6.064, all P < 0.05) and the expression of N-cadherin was significantly increased (Z = -3.269, -5.520, -6.063, all P < 0.05) in the lung tissues of mice at 1, 3, and 6 months after irradiation. Unlike the irradiation group, the expression of ZO-1 was increased (Z = -2.881, -4.220, -5.695, all P < 0.05) and the expression of N-cadherin was decreased (Z = 4.546, 3.560, 4.919, all P < 0.05) in the TGF-β3 group. The differences were significant. Conclusion: TGF-β3 may antagonize radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting EMT. (authors)
Journal
International Journal of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Medicine; ISSN 1673-4114; ; v. 42(2); p. 129-134
; v. 42(2); p. 129-134
[en] Highlights: • An efficient reverse genetics system for Chinese MV-Hu191 strain was developed. • rMV-Hu191 mutants in SAM binding site are attenuated in vitro and in vivo. • rMV-Hu191 mutants in SAM binding site enhance the safety and immunogenicity of MV vaccine. The live-attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccine based on the Hu191 strain has played a significant role in controlling measles in China. However, it has considerable adverse effects that may cause public health burden. We hypothesize that the safety and efficacy of MV vaccine can be improved by altering the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding site in the conserved region VI of the large polymerase protein. To test this hypothesis, we established an efficient reverse genetics system for the rMV-Hu191 strain and generated two recombinant MV-Hu191 carrying mutations in the SAM binding site. These two mutants grew to high titer in Vero cells, were genetically stable, and were significantly more attenuated in vitro and in vivo compared to the parental rMV-Hu191 vaccine strain. Importantly, both MV-Hu191 mutants triggered a higher neutralizing antibody than rMV-Hu191 vaccine and provided complete protection against MV challenge. These results demonstrate its potential for an improved MV vaccine candidate.
Journal
[en] Objective: To investigate the ability of dendritic cells to activate regulatory T cells (Tregs) after 60Co-γ ray irradiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by Tregs. Methods: Immuno magnetic beads were sorted into mouse CD4+ CD25-conventional T cells (Tcons) and co-cultured with 60Co-γ-ray 6 Gy dosed dendritic cells. Flow cytometry was performed after 72 hours of co-culture to detect the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs cells. The Tregs after magnetic bead sorting were co-cultured with the mouse lung epithelial cell line MLE-12. After 72 hours of co-culture, MLE-12 cells were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting to detect the expression of epithelial marker proteins and interstitial markers. Results: The percentage of spleen Tregs cells in the immuno magnetic beads method exceeded 90%, and the effect was good. The antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells was enhanced, which could significantly induce Tcons to differentiate into Tregs cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays simultaneously proved that Tregs could significantly promote EMT in lung epithelial cells. Conclusion: Dendritic cells can significantly induce the differentiation of Tregs after irradiation, and Tregs can induce EMT in lung epithelial cells. (authors)
Journal
Military Medical Sciences; ISSN 1674-9960; ; v. 42(7); p. 502-506
; v. 42(7); p. 502-506
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