[en] Breathing motion is a significant source of error in radiotherapy treatment of malignant thoracic and abdominal tumours: Accounting for breathing motion by increasing treatment margins is not desirable as it substantially increases the volume of irradiated healthy tissues. So attempts to explicitly account for breathing motion are underway (like 4D radiotherapy) but suffer from little existing knowledge regarding the spatial-temporal behaviour of anatomical and pathological structures involved. The objective of this thesis is to analyse breathing motion of the left and right lung, the diaphragm, the chest wall, and lung tumours. To accomplish such studies the authors use spatial-temporal CT image sequences acquired during free breathing. Patients examined are lung tumour patients.A multi slice CT scanner is used to acquire the spatial-temporal CT image sequences. But, such scanners can only simultaneously scan a limited region of the body and a limited anatomical segment respectively. So we reconstruct 3D CT data sets at different points of the breathing cycle, where each 3D data set covers all anatomical segments available (in this case: whole thorax and parts of the upper abdomen). The reconstructed 4D CT data sets provide a basis for representing the spatial-temporal behaviour of the structures to be considered. A voxel based modelling approach is used. The structures' spatial extension gets represented by a 3D binary image sequence, where each of the data sets corresponds to a 3D CT image out of the 4D CT data set. In addition the motion occurring between these points in time is presented by voxel based displacement fields. The fields are calculated using non-linear registration. As registration basis (fixed image and moving image) either the binary data sets or the 3D CT data sets can be chosen. In the present cases the binary data sets show better results

No abstract available

[en] Extending similar results of Buchholz, Doplicher, and Longo, it is shown that the existence of local operations preparing a given local state implies the split property for the local net of observable algebras, i.e., the existence of type I factors interpolating between the observable algebras of regions strictly contained in each other. It is shown that local preparations, if they exist, may be taken to be nonselective. (orig.)

[en] Arrival time observables are defined, which jointly measure the arrival time and some arrival event of a quantum system. Arrival times may be constructed from an arbitrary contraction semigroup describing the absorption process and an arbitrary observable in the exit space, which is defined as a certain Hilbert space canonically associated with the semigroup. The connection with the covariant observable approach to arrival time measurements is given by scattering theory. The example of the arrival at the origin of a particle on the half line with internal degrees of freedom is treated in detail

[en] Fusion power holds the promise to supply not only electricity but also fuels to meet the balance of our energy needs. A new integrated power and breeding blanket design is described for tandem mirror reactors. The blanket incorporates features that make it suitable for synthetic fuel production. In particular, it is matched to the thermal and electrical power requirements of the General Atomic watersplitting process for production of hydrogen. Some improvements to the high temperature chemical process steps are described. These improvements are expected to allow production of hydrogen at about $13/GJ wholesale, including financing costs, capital amortization, and profit

[en] Full text: (author)The higher spin field theory on AdS(4) possesses a conformal theory on the boundary R(3) which can be identified with the critical O(N) sigma model of only O(N) invariant field, the minimal sigma model. The notions of quasi primary and secondary fields can be carried over to the AdS theory. If the Donder's gauge is applied, the traceless part of the higher spin fields on AdS(4) is a quasiprimary field to leadsing order, too. The corresponding Goldstone field of the minimal sigma model is an odd rank symmetric tensor current which does not exist in the free field limit

[en] A segmented absolute 8-coil probe for inspection of heat exchanger tubing has been developed together with the appropriate multi-channel eddy current instrument and evaluation algorithm. The system has been qualified in the laboratory by tests on artificially induced flaws and in field by comparing results obtained on actual flaws with data from ultrasonic wall thickness measurements. (author)

[en] Full text: Titanium and zirconium form hydrides (deuterides) Ti H(D)_x and Zr H(D)_x with hydrogen (deuterium) concentrations in the range between x = 1.1 (Ti) or 1.5 (Zr) and x = 2.0. In these hydride (deuteride) phases, the metal atoms form a face centered cubic (δ-phase) or face centered tetragonal (ε-phase) lattice in which the hydrogen (deuterium) atoms occupy tetrahedral interstitial sites. For the maximum concentration x=2, all the available tetrahedral sites are occupied. The hydrogen (deuterium) atoms in titanium and zirconium hydrides (deuterides) represent, therefore, a model system for a concentrated lattice gas. We studied hydrogen and deuterium diffusion in titanium and zirconium hydride (deuteride) by mechanical spectroscopy (temperatures from 5 to 400 K, vibrating reed technique, frequencies between 160 and 1300 Hz). The experiments yielded large hydrogen (deuterium) induced Zener-relaxation peaks between 240 and 350 K from which the jump rates of the hydrogen and deuterium interstitials were determined with the help of a recent theoretical model for the Zener relaxation in a concentrated lattice gas. The jump rates followed an Arrhenius relation with activation energies of 0.49 ± 0.04 eV (hydrogen in titanium and zirconium), 0.54 ± 0.05 eV (deuterium in zirconium) and 0.60 ± 0.04 eV (deuterium in titanium). Extrapolation of the present hydrogen jump rates to higher temperatures shows surprisingly good agreement with published high-temperature jump rates from nuclear magnetic resonance and neutron spectroscopy, although the jump rates from these techniques were up to eight orders of magnitude higher than the present ones from mechanical spectroscopy. (author)

[en] A causality postulate is considered which is based on the conception of systems that are prepared in some finite region of space-time and recorded in some other region. If these regions are spacelike separated, the recording apparatus should react as if no preparing apparatus were present, i.e., it should respond with at most some vacuum rate. The causality postulate is mathematically formulated within the framework of statistical theories. The connections with algebraic field theory are discussed and the relation between causality and spectral conditions is studied. General methods for constructing systems satisfying the causality postulate are given and applied in several examples. (author)

[en] It is shown that a main source of conflict between Einstein and the mainstream quantum physicists was his insistence that wave functions, like classical probability distributions, do not refer to individual particles and, in particular, do not describe individual systems completely. The EPR paper was written to argue for this position. By aiming at showing that wave functions are unsuitable as local hidden variables, the authors failed to see that a slight extension could have ruled out such local hidden variables in general. As background for this analysis of the EPR argument the notion of steering is described, and a version of the Bell argument is proved which emphasizes non-local signalling aspects. Finally, some background is given concerning a well-known paper by the present author, which is celebrating 25 years this year, and in which the first non-steering models were constructed. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to ‘50 years of Bell’s theorem’. (paper)