[en] In this Letter, we derive a inequality for the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. If the state is perfect correlated, the largest violation of the inequality is 2. While the state is imperfect correlated, the violation of the inequality can still be shown except for the product state

[en] This work addresses the pattern of turbulent kinetic energy generated by distortion and the effect of external disturbances on boundary layer transition. This is investigated with direct numerical simulation of grid turbulence convected through a linear turbine blade cascade. Comparisons are made with results from earlier computations of flow through the same cascade with a turbulence free inflow and an inflow with migrating wakes. The distribution of turbulence in the passage strongly depends on the mean flow field and can partly be explained by the travel time needed for the inlet turbulence to drift to a certain location. This results in a local amplification of turbulence near the leading edge stagnation region and in the passage on the pressure side near the trailing edge. The penetration of disturbances into the blade boundary layers induces bypass transition. In particular, the transition pattern on the suction side of the blade differs significantly for the three types of inflow

[en] Experimental results are presented on fully developed turbulent flow through simulated heterogeneous rod bundle subchannels. The emphasis of this study is on the universality of the cross-gap turbulence convection transport with respect to symmetric versus asymmetric subchannels. The flow passage was formed by a rod asymmetrically mounted in a trapezoidal duct. The Reynolds number based on the equivalent hydraulic diameter and bulk average axial velocity is 26 300. The measurements include mean axial velocities, r.m.s. values of the fluctuating velocity components and the energy density spectra. The results demonstrate the existence of an unusual region near the asymmetric rod-to-wall gap characterized by high levels of axial turbulence intensity with a remarkably different type of distribution compared with a normal boundary layer. It is also shown that the strength of the cross-gap transport is subchannel geometry dependent. The distributions of wall shear stress and turbulence kinetic energy indicate that mean convection by secondary flow is also an important transport mechanism that should be taken into account in the analysis of momentum/heat transfer in rod bundle subchannels. (orig.)

[en] Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) wrapped CdS microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic activity were successfully synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were carefully characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectrometer. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by photocatalytic decolorization of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. Due to its large surface area and stepwise structure of energy level, which result in the efficiently enhancing of the adsorption performance of dye molecules and suppressing of the charge recombination of photocatalytst, a remarkably enhanced degradation rate of RhB dye about 95.2% within 50 min has been observed. In addition, the introduction of the graphene shell could effectively protect the internal CdS microsheres from photocorrosion, and the composite showed an excellent recyclability property for its photocatalytic applications.

[en] By constructing a series of mixture, which is inseparable but satisfies the Mermin-Klyshko inequality, for the N-qubit system, we prove that 'violation of the Mermin-Klyshko inequality' is not equivalent to 'the state is inseparable'.

[en] With the quantum state filtering as a known example, it has been shown that the unambiguous discrimination between subsets of nonorthogonal quantum states is possible with a certain possibility of success. In present work, besides reconsidering the known case of quantum state filtering, we also ask what happens if parts of the states are shared by both the subsets or if there are more than two subsets. The procedure, which is designed to find the optimal way for quantum set discrimination, contains two steps. For each case, we at first construct a one-photon interferometer (OPI) to realize the unambiguous discrimination in an enlarged Hilbert space according to the Neumark's theorem. The awards from the OPI are double: an optical experiment and the operators in terms of positive operator-valued measures. Then, with the operators from its corresponding OPI and the given a priori probability for each state, we are able to find out the optimal operators which can discriminate the subsets in an optimal way. It is shown that the OPIs, which have been discussed in present work, can be constructed by taking the quantum state filtering as their elementary process. This fact indicates that the problem of quantum set discrimination can be reduced to the known problem of quantum state filtering.

[en] In this paper, we shall develop a generic scheme to construct the criterion that an N-qubit state has true N-particle entanglement. For the N = 3 case, we show that violation of the Mermin's inequality |E^LHV(σ-circumflex_xxσ-circumflex_yxσ-circumflex_y+σ-circumflex_yxσ-circumflex_x xσ-circumflex_y+σ-circumflex_yxσ-circumflex_yxσ-circumflex_x-σ-circumflex_xx σ-circumflex_xxσ-circumflex_x)|≤2, is sufficient to confirm three-particle entanglement.

[en] The improvement of Moessbauer spectrometric buffer is reported. By using software instead of hardware and with new design, the measuring system without a single channel analyzer is more reliable and efficient

[en] In this letter, we shall show how to construct constrained Bell-type inequality for a general two-party system, and violating this inequality is equivalent to being inseparable. For 2 x 2 system, the maximum violation is 3, while for 3 x 3 system, the largest violation is 11/3.

[en] Objective: To discuss the influence factors in the evaluation of thyroid mass with thyroid model SPECT imaging. Methods: The thyroid model was filled with ⁹⁹Tc^mO₄^- 74 MBq in water. Then the thyroid static imaging and tomography were performed with the ⁹⁹Tc^mO₄^- filled thyroid model in different acquisition matrixes, zoom settings and present counts. The thyroid masses were evaluated by thyroid static imaging composed with pixel, and by thyroid tomography composed with stereology. The results were compared with each other. Results: The thyroid masses evaluated by pixel increased or decreased in different acquisition matrixes, zoom settings and present counts. The evaluated thyroid mass was most close to the thyroid model's real weight in the condition of 128 x 128 matrix, 4.0 zoom and 2 x 10⁵ present counts. There was no statistical difference between the thyroid masses evaluated by stereology on transverse, sagittal and coronal slices in the same condition. But in different acquisition zoom settings, the results were different. When the acquisition zoom was set at 2.0, the evaluated thyroid mass was most close to the thyroid model's real weight. Conclusions: The thyroid mass evaluated by thyroid static imaging composed with pixel will be influenced by the different acquisition parameters. The thyroid mass evaluated by thyroid tomography composed with stereology is related to the acquisition zoom setting. (authors)