[en] An investigation on the H₂-reduction of granulated W-oxides in the condition approaching commercial practice has been carried out. The effects of major parameters, such as oxide form, the thickness of powder sample, the form of powder boat, and the flow direction of hydrogen etc, on the particle size, size distribution and the BET-S of reduced W-powder were studied. Because the oxides were granulated and the perforated boats were used, the permeability of the powdery oxides will be markedly improved, so, very fine tungsten powder with narrow particle size distribution (e.g. FSSS-d = 0,3, ranging 0,1-0,9 micron) can be produced, and the fine powder productivity can be doubled. Some problems regarding to the reduction mechanism are discussed. 5 refs., 7 figs., 3 tabs. (Author)

[en] A reversed-phase partition chromatography for separating technetium and ruthenium was described. Separation of fission product ⁹⁹Tc from simulating high-level radioactive liquid wastes with quaternary ammonium 7402 was realized. The method for technetium was very selective, and for ruthenium its decontamination power was high. The experimental results indicated that the ⁹⁹Tc recovery rate was 98%, and the ¹⁰³Ru decontamination factor was 1x10³

[en] abstract only

[en] Abstract: The exciter of the unit 1 and unit 2 of the Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant is manufactured by the Russian St. Petersburg power plant, and the model is: BVD-3400-3000Y3. On December 25, 2016, the '2MKC93EK124' alarm appeared in the main control of Unit 2, which was confirmed to be the first-stage fault alarm of the rotary rectifier of the exciter; Monitoring probe Waveform of rotating Rectifier for measuring Exciter, the 1-channel TAS2 and 2-channel TAS4 waveforms reflect the abnormal loop of a set of rotary rectifiers of the generator. In this paper, the structure, defect analysis and treatment of exciter for one million units in Russia are described in detail. (author)

[en] Objective: To explore the changes of plasma cortisol levels in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage. Methods: Plasma cortisol levels were measured with RIA at 24:00 and 8:00 right after admission in 68 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage and the tests were repeated in 61 patients one week later 40 controls entered this study. Results: The plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in the patients than the corresponding readings in controls (P<0.001) with obliteration of the normal diurnal rhythm of secretion. The increase of the cortisol levels was positively correlated with the severity of the disease. As the condition of the patients improved, the cortisol levels dropped gradually. Conclusion: The plasma cortisol levels in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage were closely related to the severity of the disease and were of prognostic value. (authors)

[en] Highlights: • Influence of three main compounds in spirulina and simulated spirulina on co-pyrolysis behavior was investigated. • Medium chain triglyceride showed positive synergistic effects with higher volatile yield. • Glycine and starch illustrated both positive and negative synergistic effects on char yield. • Non-additivity distribution of activation energy was solved by three model-free methods. - Abstract: Synergistic effects from co-pyrolysis microalgae biomass with low-rank coal were investigated in this work. Model compounds of three main component in microalgae algae (glycine, medium chain triglyceride and starch), spirulina and simulated spirulina were chosen to Shenfu bituminous pyrolysis process. Kinetic parameters were solved through isoconversional method, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy were applied for characterizing the char samples. Results revealed synergistic effects occurred with different forms from co-pyrolysis of microalgae primary compounds and coal. Positive synergistic effects, which were defined as higher volatile yield than calculated value, were found in medium chain triglyceride and coal mixtures at all mass ratio. Whether positive or negative synergistic effects on products yield from glycine or starch blended with coal hinged on the temperature and mixing ratio. Both spirulina and simulated spirulina show optimal performance on volatile yields under 50 wt.% mass ratio. Non-additivity phenomenon was observed on the distribution of average activation energy. Synergistic effects from co-pyrolysis of coal and microalgae biomass may attributes to the integrative action of the three model compounds.

[en] Firstly, this paper hold that the I and C system play an important role of the diversity and defense-in-depth in the nuclear power plant. Secondly, the paper introduce the main function and general structure of the I and C system of the UK EPR. Furthermore, the paper analyzed the levels of the defense-in-depth, the independence and diversity of the I and C system. Finally, the paper point out the notable characteristics of the diversity and defense-in-depth in the I and C system design of the UK EPR. We hope this paper will give us some helps during we design the third generation nuclear power plant ourselves. (authors)

[en] Highlights: • Positive synergistic effect on volatiles yield during co-pyrolysis of PAW and PP. • Higher char yields than predicated value during PAW/PVC and PAW/PET blends pyrolysis. • Co-pyrolysis of PAW and plastics reduced the mean activation energy of the blends. • The plastics affected the surface morphology of co-pyrolysis chars significantly. - Abstract: Thermal behavior of Paulownia wood (PAW), model plastics (polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate, abbreviated as PP, PVC and PET) and their mixtures during pyrolysis process were studied through thermogravimetric analyzer. Scanning electron microscopy technology (SEM) and fractal theory were applied to evaluate the surface morphology of pyrolysis chars. This study found that PP showed synergistic effect on PAW pyrolysis with more volatiles release than predicated value, and the maximum volatiles yield exhibited with 25% PAW blending ratio. However, higher char yields were observed compared with the predicted values during co-pyrolysis process of PAW blends with PVC or PET, and the maximum char yields were obtained under the PAW blending ratio of 75% and 25% respectively. An evident decline in mean activation energy was found during co-pyrolysis of the PAW blending with plastics. The minimum values of mean activation energy for the PAW/PP, PAW/PVC and PAW/PET were gained when the PAW blending ratio were 75%, 50% and 75% respectively. Quantitative information about surface topography of pyrolysis chars were obtained by fractal analysis of the SEM microphotograph. The fractal dimension of residual chars from PAW/PP blends increased from 1.75 to 1.84 as increasing the ratio of PP from 25% to 75%, indicating that PP addition promoted the nonuniformity of the co-pyrolysis chars. The surface morphology of residual chars from PAW/PET and PAW/PVC blends showed a contrary tendency, and the minimum values of fractal dimension were respectively 1.62 and 1.61 under 25% PAW blending ratio.

[en] Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) is a kind of high sensitivity to nondestructive testing technology. Application of the technology of on-line PGNAA analyzer is widely used in industrial control fields such as cement, coal, which has advantages of fast response and high precision of analysis. The thickness of the material on the belt is often not constant due to the change of industrial field production. When the material thickness changes, the measurement results of the on-line analyzer will deviate. In order to eliminate the measurement deviation of materials with different thickness measured by on-line analyzer, the reason of deviation is studied through theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation, and the correction model is sought. First, through the theoretical analysis, according to the calculation formula of gamma ray detector characteristics, mainly due to the self-shielding effect of neutron and self-attenuation gamma rays of the material inside, the neutron field distribution and gamma receiving efficiency change, then lead to feature gamma counting nonlinear increase with the increase of thickness. Then, on-line PGNAA analyzer device model is built by using the Monte Carlo software (MCNP), and the changes of characteristic ray count of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, CaO, Fe and cement raw materials with thickness are simulated respectively. Simulation and experimental results show that the characteristics of gamma radiation intensity is not linear with the increase of the thickness of the material. The on-line analyzer measurement error increases by linear calibration method, the average relative error is more than 10%. Finally, taking cement on-line analyzer as an example, the modified model is sought. According to the relationship between the characteristic ray count of each element of cement raw material and the material thickness, a polynomial thickness correction model suitable for measuring cement raw material is established. Compared with linear calibration, the measurement error of the modified analyzer is reduced by more than 30%. The modified method can be applied to PGNAA detection of lump materials such as coal, sintering materials and bauxite. (authors)

[en] In order to improve the throughput of spent fuel batch dissolver and meet the demand of Chinese reprocessing plant with industrial scale, an enlarging design scheme adopting a cage-like solid neutron poison precept was developed on the basis of current batch dissolver. Furthermore, a modeling machine was manufactured, and a set of experimental apparatus was erected for hydraulics investigation. The result shows that bubble compressed air flux as well as its entrance height, liquid phase temperature and steam flux are the prominent factors affecting dissolver circulation velocity, compared with loading, atmospheric pressure and liquid level. Moreover, the circulation velocity increases almost linearly with the logarithmic value of bubble compressed air flux. (authors)