[en] Object Oriented Programming (OOP) technique is adopted to develop the software in Windows environment of the movable radial probes and turn pattern measurement in SFC and SSC cyclotrons. Many functions such as data acquisition and storage, figure displaying and printing, detector movement are realized in the software to get higher operation efficiency in HIRFL and make the device work more steady

[en] Because of the large emittance and momentum spread of injection beam, the edge field of magnets will affect beam optic property during injection into the experimental ring of HIRFL-CSR (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou-Cooling Storage Ring). The influence of edge field is probed by numeric tracking of particles through it. The influence is reduced to tolerable range by modifying injection central orbit and field distribution of the magnet

[en] The simulation of accelerating process for HIRFL cooler storage ring (CSR)has been performed by taking into account the ions' synchrotron oscillation. The distribution of particles at different time in longitudinal phase space is shown. The main parameters such as RF frequency, synchronous phase, RF voltage, beam length, momentum spread and beam energy against time are given

[en] Cooler Storage Ring (CSR), and upgrading program planned at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), will supply beams with higher quality and intensity. Space charge effects should be considered due to this magnitude of intensity in CSR. The concept and some phenomena of space charge effects are discussed. Space charge intensity limit and space charge tune shift of normal CSR operation are given. It is of significance for the construction and operation of the future facility

[en] An introduction is given to the design idea and method of multitasking and Windows software for beam diagnostic system on HIRFL. The testing result is presented in the end. The software has many advantages such as powerful function, visual display, high reliability and friendly interface, etc

[en] The author presents the study and new development at SFC, the HIRFL injector cyclotron. It includes the new central region, the new buncher system and the new axial injection line. It introduces the half-frequency bunching method to increase the longitudinal matching efficiency between the injector and the main cyclotron and the special treatment for the space charge effect by using two injection parameters. The constant orbit acceleration with small variation is introduced to solve the contradiction of the lower RF voltage and less turn number. Two on-line ECR ion sources, high charge state resolving power and other improvements on the injection line have been included

[en] Conductive iron oxides (CIO) have been proved recently to facilitate the anaerobic microbial syntrophy based on the direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in batch experiments. However, the effect of CIO was always insignificant in anaerobic digestion (AD) reactor especially when the DIET-based syntrophic partners were absent. In this study, the effect of magnetite on performance of AD system with sucrose as a sole carbon source was investigated, but limited enhancement was achieved during the first 36-day operation. The short-term effect of ethanol addition was further studied in the magnetite-amended AD reactor, and results showed that the AD reactor with 10gFe/L micro-sized magnetite (R3) achieved higher performance of COD removal and methane proportion compared with the other reactors (R1 without magnetite; R2 with 2gFe/L micro-sized magnetite; R4 with 2gFe/L nano-sized magnetite). Meanwhile, the pyridoxine in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and conductivity of anaerobic sludge from R3 increased more significantly than those of the others. Analysis of high-throughput sequencing indicated that the abundance of archaea increased in sludge from R3 and Methanosarcina responsible for DIET was dominant (63.64%). Additionally, the abundance of potential electroactive bacteria Chloroflexi in R3 was 7.57-fold, 3.61-fold and 7.37-fold as that of R1, R2 and R4, respectively. These results demonstrated that the electroactive microbes and methanogens could be enriched efficiently in anaerobic sludge via synergetic effect of magnetite addition and ethanol short-term stimulation.

[en] Coupled bioelectrochemical system-upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (BES-UASB) was utilized for wastewater treatment containing 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene (DClNB). The results indicated that a proper voltage enhanced the DClNB reduction, however, over high voltage presented a negative impact (2.0 V). Synergistic effect of external voltage and anaerobic sludge was observed, and dechlorination efficiency reached 57.8 ± 5.4% in the coupled BES,  which was higher than the sum of anaerobic sludge and electric system (48.2%). Moreover, the coupled system was more tolerant of high salinity and pollutant concentration. Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was related to microbial electron transfer activity and DHA reached a maximum 453 ± 33 μgTF g⁻¹VSS h⁻¹ in the coupled reactor which was 1.6-fold that of the control, meanwhile, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content was significantly enhanced in the presence of external voltage. In summary, the coupled BES-UASB systems could be an alternative for removal of recalcitrant pollutants such as DClNB.

[en] We study structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of C₂₀, Si₂₀ and their alloys (C₁₆Si₄, C₁₂Si₈, C₈Si₁₂, and C₄ ${\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}}_{16})$ in $C2/m$ structure by using density functional theory (DFT) based on first-principles calculations. The obtained elastic constants and the phonon spectra reveal mechanical and dynamic stability. The calculated formation enthalpy shows that the C–Si alloys might exist at a specified high temperature scale. The ratio of B/G and Poisson’s ratio indicate that these C–Si alloys in $C2/m$-20 structure are all brittle. The elastic anisotropic properties derived by bulk modulus and shear modulus show slight anisotropy. In addition, the band structures and density of states are also depicted, which reveal that C₂₀, C₁₆Si₄, and Si₂₀ are indirect band gap semiconductors, while C₈Si₁₂ and C₄Si₁₆ are semi-metallic alloys. Notably, a direct band gap semiconductor (C₁₂Si₈) is obtained by doping two indirect band gap semiconductors (C₂₀ and Si₂₀). (paper)

[en] We report the discovery of 4 strong gravitational lensing systems by visual inspections of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey images of galaxy clusters in Data Release 6 (SDSS DR6). Two of the four systems show Einstein rings while the others show tangential giant arcs. These arcs or rings have large angular separations (> 8) from the bright central galaxies and show bluer color compared with the red cluster galaxies. In addition, we found 5 probable and 4 possible lenses by galaxy clusters. (letters)