[en] Various papers on methods and applications in flow visualization are presented. The topics discussed include: tracer methods; surface flow methods; chemical reaction and laser-induced methods; optical methods; computer-generated graphic methods; and image processing methods. Also addressed are: separated flows; vortices and wakes; supersonic flows and shock waves; jets; internal flows; stratified and boundary layer flows; rheology; ships and waves; aerodynamics, atmospheres, and oceanography; fluid machinery; heat transfer; combustion; and biomedical applications

[en] This book consists of six parts. Blade cooling, in Part 1, is one subject that interests thermal science researchers and includes both external surface cooling and internal cooling. The state-of-the-art review on turbine blade cooling is thorough and impressive. Major efforts are also directed toward various aspects of film cooling and heat transfer enhancement in internal convection. Part 2 covers the experimental studies of transport phenomena by flow visualization techniques and flow measurements. Flow visualization results are presented for secondary flow in curved, heated, and rotating channels, as well as for internal flow in rotating machinery. Measurement methods unqiue to flow in rotating devices are also introduced. Rotating tubes, channels, and heat pipes are the subjects of Part 3, which treats phase changes, turbulence, and hysteresis in flow transition. Flow and heat transfer from rotating surfaces and enclosures are grouped together in Part 4. General topics in Part 5 concern items of current interest, such as electronic generators, impinging jets, and numerical methods. Part 6 discusses the ultimate rotating devices of industrial applications, including steam and gas turbines, compressors, pumps, and wind turbines. The subjects are widespread, including lifting lines, water film behavior, thermal stress, the Wilson point, wave mechanics, stall, and work performance

[en] Stress corrosion cracking behavior of several nickel-base alloys in high temperature caustic environments has been evaluated. The crack tip and fracture surfaces were examined using Auger/ESCA and Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM) to determine the near crack tip microstructure and microchemistry. Results showed formation of chromium-rich oxides at or near the crack tip and nickel-rich de-alloying layers away from the crack tip. The stress corrosion resistance of different nickel-base alloys in caustic may be explained by the preferential oxidation and dissolution of different alloying elements at the crack tip. Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) shows good general corrosion and intergranular attack resistance in caustic because of its high nickel content. Thermally treated Alloy 690 (UNS N06690) and Alloy 600 provide good stress corrosion cracking resistance because of high chromium contents along grain boundaries. Alloy 625 (UNS N06625) does not show as good stress corrosion cracking resistance as Alloy 690 or Alloy 600 because of its high molybdenum content

[en] The text is divided into four parts: I, Heat Transfer in High Technology; II, High Heat-Flux Technology; III, High-Performance Heat Exchange Devices; IV, Radiative Heat Transfer and Solar Energy Utilization. The role of thermocapillary flow in heat transfer is studied in view of the importance in space processing, such as superpure crystal growth under reduced-gravity environment. Techniques of heat transfer and flow control in space machinery in Japan during the past five years are surveyed. These include thermal control in satellites, electric propulsion, and materials processing in space; flow behavior under microgravity; and space cryogenics. The application of heat pipes in cooling is extended to devices in space and terrestrial uses. Heat transfer related to materials processing, a subject of current interest, is represented by three articles dealing with heat bonding processes, molecular clustering, and the growth of large single crystals. Another subject of current importance is heat transfer in electronic equipment

[en] Highlights: • SHS with reduction of metal oxides by Al was adopted to fabricate (Cr,V)₂AlC/Al₂O₃ composites. • Co-reduction of Cr₂O₃ and V₂O₅ enhanced the degree of atom substitution on (Cr,V)₂AlC. • Cr₂O₃-containing samples are favorable for the SHS process and formation of (Cr,V)₂AlC. • Variations of combustion temperature and velocity with sample stoichiometry were presented. - Abstract: Solid solution composites of (Cr,V)₂AlC/Al₂O₃ with different substitutional proportions were fabricated by self-sustaining combustion involving aluminothermic reduction of oxide precursors. Two reaction systems with powder combinations of Cr₂O₃–V₂O₅–Al–Al₄C₃ and Cr–V₂O₅–Al–Al₄C₃ were studied. The degree of atom replacement on the (Cr,V)₂AlC phase ranging from 10 to 70 at.% of vanadium in the substitution site was explored. Experimental evidence showed that reaction exothermicity was enhanced by increasing V₂O₅ and Al. Combustion of the samples involving co-reduction of Cr₂O₃ and V₂O₅ was achievable over the full span of stoichiometries and Al₂O₃-added (Cr_1−xV_x)₂AlC composites with x = 0.1–0.7 were produced. However, the combustibility, flame propagation rate, and product composition of Cr-containing samples were greatly affected by the contents of V₂O₅ and Al. As a result, the MAX solid solution phase was formed only at the stoichiometry of (Cr_1−yV_y)₂AlC with y = 0.4. For Cr-containing samples of y ⩽ 0.3, combustion failed to be initiated because of low exothermicity. Additionally, the high combustion velocity causing lack of sufficient reaction time was responsible for no yield of (Cr_1−yV_y)₂AlC with y ⩾ 0.5

No abstract available

[en] An experimental investigation of the defects formed in 99.999% Al following irradiation with 1 MeV electrons up to 10 dpa and at temperatures between 20⁰C and 200⁰C has been carried out. The microstructure after irradiation consisted of prismatic and single- and multi-faulted loops, and in excess of 90% of the loops were faulted and interstitial in character. About two-thirds of the prismatic loops were interstitial. In agreement with earlier studies, only an insignificant number of voids were observed, in contrast to nickel and copper which form copious voids when electron irradiated at appropriate temperatures. It is believed that the lack of voids in aluminum is due to a nucleation problem associated with low solubilities in the metal of H₂, N₂, and O₂. (Auth.)

No abstract available

[en] When a porous layer of fine matrix texture and high porosity is placed in a hot stream, fluid enthalpy is converted into radiative energy which is irradiated in the upstream direction of the flow. Two fundamental concepts pertinent to the enthalpy-radiation energy conversion are introduced: the mechanics of energy recirculation and thermal insulation in flow streams. Theory on the energy conversion is presented and the governing dimensionless parameters are identified. Theory is substantiated by experiments. Applications of the energy conversion are demonstrated in heat recovery

[en] Paraffin mist is used here as a tracer to observe the patterns in the radial flow through both stationary and corotating parallel disks. The periodic and alternative generation of separation bubbles on both disks and the resulting flow fluctuation and turbulent flow in the radial channel are studied. Stall cells are visualized around the outer rim of the corotating disks