[en] Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of bilateral internal iliac arterial embolization in treament of hemorrhagic radiation cystitis. Methods: 10 patients with hemorrhagic radiation cystitis were treated with bilateral internal iliac arterial embolization by using gelatin sponge particles because of repeated hematuria uncontrollable by medication. Among these patients, 3 cases were of uterine cervix cancer and the others of' rectal carcinoma. Results: The hematuria of all patients were relieved significantly within 24 hours after arterial embolization and disappeared during 1 to 7 days(mean 4 d). 1 case with rebleeding during follow- up was re-treated successfully by bilateral internal iliac arterial embolization. No definite severe complication occurred except pygalgia in 8 cases due to embolization of superior gluteal artery. Conclusions: Bilateral internal iliac arterial embolization is a safe and effective method in treating hemorrhagic irradiation cystitis. (authors)

[en] Objective: To investigate the causes, DSA features, clinical manifestations, prevention and management of hepatic artery injuries that occurred during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatic cancer. Methods: In this prospective study, 164 patients with hepatic cancer who underwent TACE were enrolled. The occurrence of arterial spasm, intimal damage and arterial penetration during TACE was observed, and their correlations with manipulation, catheter's type and location, and contrast injection rate were analyzed. Results: Of 164 TACE procedures, arterial events occurred in 57 (34.76%), including arterial spasm (n=47, 28.66%), arterial tear (n=7, 4.27%) and arterial dissection (n=3, 1.83%). Conclusion: The occurrence of arterial injuries during TACE for hepatic carcinoma is associated with manipulation skill, catheter's type and location, patient's age and vascular condition. (authors)

[en] Objective: To investigate the complications of thyroid-arterial embolization and their prevention and treatment. Methods: 61 cases of thyroid disorders received the therapy of thyroid-arterial embolization were retrospectively studied. The complications of arterial embolization during or after the procedure were analyzed. How to prevent and deal with these complications were discussed. Results: Sensitivity to contrast media occurred in 1 case and surgical arterial injury in 2. After embolization thyroid storm occurred in 1 patient and all other complications including headache (23 cases), toothache (11 cases), neckache (13 cases), hoarseness (37 cases) were caused by non-target arterial embolization with the most serious one of cerebral infarction (1 case) and another eyelid ptosis (1 case). The cerebral infarct one was treated with some vasodilating drugs and anti-coagulant, all others were given anti-symptomatics or no special treatment. Conclusions: Proper treatment should be ready during thyroid arterial embolization and given in time with occurrence of complications

[en] Objective: To assess the safety and effectiveness of treatment of cavernous hemangiomas of liver(CHL) by percutaneous intratumoral bleomycin injection after transarterial embolization (TAE). Methods: 9 cases of hypovascular CHL treated by percutaneous intratumoral bleomycin injection after TAE were studied prospectively. All the cases were diagnosed as hypovascular CHL(diameter > 5 cm) by CT/MRI. With only spotty or few patchy enhancement in arterial phase persisting into the delayed phase were shown on enhanced CT. TAE with emulsion of ultra-fluid lipiodol(10 ml) and bleomycin(8 mg) was performed in every patient, with dosage of 5-10 ml depending on the vascular space of different lesions. Percutaneous intratumoral multi- point injection with bleomycin (8-16 mg) solution was undertaken 4 days after TAE, and repeated every 3-4 days for 2-3 times. Each case undertook upper abdominal CT scan 1 month later, and then with 3, 6 month to 1 year periodic follow-up. Results: DSA features of all the 9 cases demonstrated as same as those on enhanced CT scanning with dispersion of lipiodol within the lesions. All the lesions decreased in volume markedly 1 month after the therapy, and kept on until 1 year later. 2 patients developed post-TAE acute cholecystitis and one intrahepatic biloma. Conclusion: TAE combined with percutaneous intra-tumoral bleomycin injection is a safe and effective method in treating hypovascular CHL. (authors)

[en] Objective: To explore the clinical short-term efficacy and safety of the use of domestic cryoablation device (targeted knife) in treating liver carcinomas. Methods: The clinical data of a total of 41 patients with liver carcinoma (52 lesions in total), who received CT-guided cryoablation by using domestic cryoablation device during the period from June 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017, were collected. The complete ablation rate of target lesions, the short-term local recurrence rate and the surgery-related complications were evaluated with MRI. Results: The complete ablation rate of the lesions in 41 patients was 90.2%. During an average follow-up period of about 8 months, all the 41 patients remained alive. The postoperative 3-month and 6-month cumulative local recurrence rates were 17.1% and 25.9% respectively, and no serious complications occurred in all patients. Conclusion: For the treatment of liver carcinomas, the use of domestic cryoablation device is safe and effective, it can effectively inactivate the local tumor. (authors)

[en] Objective: To compare the time spent for operation, safety and clinical curative effect of ultrasound-guided (US-guided) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with those of CT-guided RFA in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: From April 2010 to November 2014, 158 admitted patients with HCC received US-guided RFA (US group, n = 59) or CT-guided RFA (CT group, n = 99). The time spent for RFA procedure, intraoperative adverse reactions and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. The patients were followed up to observe the local recurrence rate, progression-free survival (PFS) time and overall survival (OS) time. Results: There was no significant difference in the occurrence rate of postoperative serious adverse reactions between the two groups (P = 0.193). The safety of the two groups was the same. The average time spent for RFA procedure in US group was 26.03 minutes which was obviously lower than 61.78 minutes in CT group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). No statistically significant difference in the local recurrence rate existed between the two groups. The PFS and OS in US group were 287.0 d (157.9-416.1 d) and 1907.0 d (1281.7-2532.3 d) respectively, which were 272.0 d (177.9-366.1 d) and 1932 d respectively in CT group (as the number of deaths in CT group did not exceed 50%, it was not able to estimate the 95% confidence interval). The differences in PFS and OS between the two groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: RFA, regardless of under US guidance or under CT guidance, can be successfully accomplished in HCC patients. US-guided RFA is simpler and quicker, the time spent for procedure is shorter, and its curative effect for HCC is similar to that of CT-guided RFA. (authors)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the analgesic effect of tramadol used in percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for liver tumors. Methods: From January 2012 to May 2013, a total of 68 patients with primary or secondary liver cancer underwent percutaneous RFA at authors, hospital. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into tramadol group (n = 41) and control group (n = 27). When RFA procedure started, 10 mg of diazepam and 100 mg of pethidine hydrochloride were given intramuscularly for all patients. Local anesthesia combined with intravenous infusion of 100 mg tramadol (dissolved in 250 ml of 5% glucose) was employed in patients of the tramadol group, while no special medication was given to the patients of the control group. Assessment parameters included age, sex, BCLC classification, Child-Pugh score,tumor size and location, heating time, ablation time, temperature, power and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score. Statistical analysis was performed by using two-sample Wilcoxon, sank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test and partial Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: No significant differences in patient's gender, liver function, BCLC classification, Child-Pugh score, tumor size and location, ablated diameter, heating time, ablation time and temperature, etc. existed between the two groups. On baseline, the differences in the patient's age, imaging-guided equipment (US/CT) and RFA power between the two groups were statistically significant. The VAS score of the control group was higher than that of the tramadol group. The difference in intraoperative VAS score between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion Tramadol has excellent analgesic effect when it is used in the performance of RFA for liver tumors. (authors)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the curative efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of hepatic metastases from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET). Methods: The clinical data of 25 patients with surgically or pathologically proved hepatic metastases from PNET, who received TACE, were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 87 TACE procedures were performed. The effective rate was evaluated by MRI, and the progression-free survival time (PFS), overall survival time (OS) and complications were analyzed. Results: The interventional therapy was successfully accomplished in all the 25 patients. The MRI evaluation of the curative effect showed that complete remission (CR) was obtained in 0 patient, partial remission (PR) in 15 patients, stable disease (SD) in 4 patients, and progression disease (PD)in 6 patients. The total effective rate was 60%. The median PFS was 13 months and the median OS was 18 months. No serious complications occurred in all patients except for one patient who developed pseudoaneurysm during operation. Conclusion: For the treatment of patients with inoperable hepatic metastases from PNET, TACE is safe and effective. (authors)