[en] To evaluate the dual-phase bolus CT findings and clinical significance of splenic S. O. L.(Space Occupying Lesion) basically included in abdominal CT but previously not considered important. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 64 splenic S.O.L.'s(0.94%) detected among 6842 patients who underwent dual-phase rapid sequence abdominal CT. Diffuse splenomegaly and heterogeneous enhancement during the arterial phase were excluded. Fifty-eight of 64 splenic S. O. L. cases were confirmed by surgery, biopsy, radiologic study and follow up. Results: In only eight patients(12.5%) were symptoms localized to the left upper quadrant. There were 21 cases of inflammatory and ischemic diseases(36.2%), 19 malignant tumors(32.8%), 12 benign cysts(20.7%),four benign tumors(6.9%), one metabolic disease and one hematoma(each 1.7%) ; six cases were not confirmed and in these, S.O.L. was also found at other sites. Except in the case of benign cysts and tumors, the early phase was better than the late for the detection of S.O.L., though both were good for diagnosis. Among 21 inflammatory and ischemic lesions there were eight cases of portal hyper tensions, seven of pancreatitis, and one of tuberculosis ;five were due to other cause. Among 19 patients with malignant tumors, metastases were most common(11 cases).Cases involving malignancy involved four lymphomas, two cases of leukemias and two angiosarcomas, which together represented only primary splenic malignancy. Two epidermoid and ten simple cysts were benign, while benign tumors included three hemangiomas and one lymphangiomatosis ; these were difficult to differentiate from angiosarcoma.Gaucher's disease showed multiple low density lesions in the enlarged spleen and one hematoma was also present.Conclusion: Splenic S.O.L.'s are very rare and clinical symptoms directly related to splenic mass are uncommon.Benign and secondary lesions are more common than malignant and primary lesions, and cysts are also much rarer than any other solid organs. Dual-phase CT especially during the early phase, is currently the modality of choice for the evaluation of splenic S.O.L

[en] To evaluate the ultrasonographic appearance of fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia of the breast. We retrospectively reviewed US findings including size, shape, border, boundary echo, internal echo, posterior echo, lateral echo, and transverse/anteroposterior diameter of 19 patients (mean age 36.6 years) with pathologically proven fibrodenomatoid hyperplasia. Mammogramas were available in 18 patients. On US size, shape, border, internal echo, boundary echo, posterior echo, lateral echo, the ratio of transverse to anteroposterior diameter were analyzed by two radiologist in agreement. Fifteen of 19 patients presented with palpable masses. On US, the mean size of the masses was 13 mm (range, 4-26 mm). The shape of lesions were round to oval in 10 cases (53%), lobulated in 6 cases (32%), irregular in 3 cases (15%). The borders of the lesions were sharp-well defined in 11 cases (58%), unsharp-ill defined in 8 cases (42%). Fourteen cases(74%) showed fine homogeneous internal echo and 5 cases (26%) showed coarse heterogeneous internal echo. Nonexistent or regular fine boundary echo was shown in 11 cases (58%) and irregular thick boundary echo was shown in 8 cases (42%).Posterior sonic enhancement was shown in 10 cases (53%), posterior sonic shadowing in 6 cases (32%). And three cases (15%) showed no posterior echo. Marked lateral echo was demonstrated in 11 cases (58%). The transverse/anteroposterior diameter ratio ranged between 1.0 and 1.5 in 1 case (5.5%), below 1.0 in 1 case (5.5%), and above 1.5 and 17 cases (89%). Mammogram showed no abnormality in ten patients with dense breast, mass like density in seven patients, and clustered microcalcification in one patient. Fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia was usually presented in fourth decade as a palpable breast mass and common US findings were similar to fibroadenoma. However, histopathologic confirmation was needed for the diagnosis because fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia sometimes showed the US features of malignancy.

[en] To determine the detection rate of MRI in the diagnosis of adenomyosis and ascertain the accuracy of MRI in assessing the extent and depth of the myometrial invasion. By retrospective analysis of MR images of the pelvis in 65 pathologically proven cases of uterine adenomyosis, we investigated the detection rate and differences of in the detection rate when this was based on (a) the extent, and (b) the depth of myometrial invasion. The condition was classified as diffuse or focal according to the extent of invasion, and mild, moderate, or severe according to its depth. Pathologically, there were 35 cases of focal adenomyosis (53.8%), and 30 of diffuse adenomyosis (46.2%). Among patients with the focal variety of this condition, 12 cases were mild, 14 were mild, 14 were moderate, and nine were severe, while among those with the diffuse variety, two were mild, ten were moderate and 18 were severe. A total of 48 cases (73.8%) were detected on MR images; the detection rate of focal adenomyosis was 60.0% (21/35) and that of diffuse adenomyosis was 90.0% (27/30). The detection rates of mild, moderate, and severe adenomyosis were 42.9% (6/14), 79.2% (19/24), and 85.2% (23/27), respectively. Among the 48 cases detected on MR images, the pathologic and MR findings were consistent with regard to both the extent and depth of myometrial invasion in 26 (54.2%). For diffuse adenomyosis, the consistency rate was higher than for the focal variety (81.5%, 22/27; compared with 19%, 4/21). The extent of myometrial invasion was correctly evaluated in 32 cases (66.7%); the consistency rate for the diffuse form was higher than for the focal form (96.3%(26/27), compared with 28.6% (6/21)). In 42 cases (87.5%), the depth of invasion was correctly evaluated, though differences in this depth were not significant. MR imaging was a useful imaging modality in the diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis. With regard to the extent of myometrial invasion, the detection rate was higher among cases of the diffuse form than of the focal form, and with regard to depth, the rate was higher among moderate and severe cases than among mild ones. These findings may be useful for preoperative diagnosis based on clinical symptoms, and provide important yardstick for decisions as to whether hysterectomy should be replaced by an alternative therapy. (author)

[en] The neutron capture gamma-ray spectra for 8 nuclides, ⁸⁹Y, ⁹³Nb, ¹²⁷I, ¹³³Cs, ¹⁴¹Pr, ¹⁹⁷Au, ^natTl, and ²⁰⁹Bi, were calculated by using the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model, and their results were compared with the available experimental data. Two dominant ingredients to perform the statistical calculation were the level densities described by the Gilbert-Cameron approach with an improved systematics, and the gamma-ray transmission coefficients described by gamma-ray strength functions. Although various gamma-ray strength functions with a Lorentzian formula have been developed by using the photonuclear data or a microscopic analysis, they have failed to reproduce the occasional anomalous bumps observed near or below a neutron binding. In this work, we could reproduce the bumps well by adding a Lorentzian with an energy-temperature dependent width into a giant dipole resonance with an enhanced generalized Lorentzian. In addition, we introduced a correction function so as to compensate for the shortcomings due to missing levels or level-cuts. (author)

[en] Multi components such as Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb in geochemical exploration samples have been measured by pressed powder pellet sample preparation and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Basic parameter method combining with PH mode empirical factor method were mainly used to correct spectral interference and matrix effect. Two Chinese national primary reference material GSD-2a and GBW 07103 were selected for the verification of accuracy of the method and the analytical results were well agreed with the certificate values, GBW 07401 was selected for precision test, Statistical results showed that RSD (n = 10) were better than 5.0% for major elements and others, except for Br, Ce, Co, Ge, La, Mo, U, Sn, Sc and Nd (RSD<10%). (authors)

[en] Cholangiolocellular carcinoma is a rare lesion, intermediate in type between hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma. The radiologic findings of cholangiolocellular carcinomas have not been reported. We describe the ultrasound, CT, MR, and angiographic findings of a case of cholangiolocellular carcinoma not associated with liver cirrhosis

[en] PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin homolog deleted on chromosome Ten) negatively regulates PI3K/Akt signaling, which is one of the most important pathways for cell survival and inhibition of apoptosis. PTEN tumor suppressor gene is dual phosphates with lipid and protein phosphates activities and antagonizes phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) by dephosphorylating phos-phatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-triphosphate (PIP3). The inactivation of PTEN function results in increased Akt activity and development of various cancers including breast, endometrial, prostate, giloblastoma and lung cancer. In this study, we have exploited novel mechanism of PTEN that inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway as molecular targets of radiation sensitization for cancer treatment. Our data suggested that combined treatment of PTEN and radiation enhanced G2/M phase accumulation of cell cycle through Akt inactivation and regulation of p21 and activity of CDK1

[en] Metaplastic carcinoma is a rare form of breast carcinoma in which a variety of metaplastic changes occur. Thses commonly involve squamous or spindle cells, but pure chondroid metaplasia is relatively uncommon. We report a case of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast which mainly involved chondroid metaplasia and in which chondroid calcifications were seen on mammograms

[en] A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model is built up to simulate the phenomena of dynamical contact and frictional heating of crack faces when the plate containing the crack is excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses. In the finite element model, the high-power ultrasonic transducer is modeled by using a piezoelectric thermal-analogy method, and the dynamical interaction between both crack faces is modeled using a contact-impact theory. In the simulations, the frictional heating taking place at the crack faces is quantitatively calculated by using finite element thermal-structural coupling analysis, especially, the influences of acoustic chaos to plate vibration and crack heating are calculated and analysed in detail. Meanwhile, the related ultrasonic infrared images are also obtained experimentally, and the theoretical simulation results are in agreement with that of the experiments. The results show that, by using the theoretical method, a good simulation of dynamic interaction and friction heating process of the crack faces under non-chaotic or chaotic sound excitation can be obtained

[en] A free triangular jet (TJ1) and its counterpart initially passing a short circular chamber (TJ2) are numerically modeled using large eddy simulation (LES). This paper compares the near-field characteristics of the two jets in detail. To enable some necessary experimental validations, the LES conditions of TJ1 and TJ2 are taken to be identical to those measured by Xu et al. (Sci. China Phys. 56 1176 (2013)) and England et al. (Exp. Fluids. 48 69 (2010)), respectively. The LES predictions are found to agree well with those measurements. It is demonstrated that a strong swirl occurs near the chamber inlet plane for the TJ2 flow. At the center of the swirl, there is a cluster of three sink foci, where each focus is aligned midway between the original triangular apexes. In the vortex skeleton constructed from the time-averaged flow field, the vortices arising from the foci are helically twisted around the core of the jet. As the flow passes through the chamber, the foci merge to form a closed-loop “bifurcation line”, which separates the inward swirling flow and the outward oscillating jet. This global oscillation is regarded as a source node near the centerline of the chamber. If the chamber is removed for a “free” jet, i.e., TJ1, a cluster of three pairs of counter-rotating foci is produced and the net swirl circulation is zero, so the overall oscillation of the jet does not occur. (paper)