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AbstractAbstract
[en] System for preventing erroneous operation of control rods for securing a safety control of a nuclear reactor is described. The erroneous operation preventing system is comprised of a control rod objective position setting means for setting an objective position of a control rod, a control rod position detector for detecting a position of the control rod, and an operation means which operates a difference between the objective position set up and the detected position of the control rod being operated and produces a signal for blocking the control rod operation when the control rod is operated so that the difference goes away from zero. The erroneous operation blocking system stops the control rod at the first possible control rod stopping position. The erroneous operation preventing system includes a return operation commanding unit for compensating for erroneous operation of the control rod when the control rod is erroneously operated
Original Title
Patent
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Secondary Subject
Source
4 Aug 1981; v p; US PATENT DOCUMENT 4,282,061/A/; U.S. Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D.C. 20231, USA, $.50; PAT-APPL-013833.
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Patent
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AbstractAbstract
[en] This article summarizes recent epidemiologic studies of cancer risk among the children of atomic bomb survivors conducted at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. These children include two groups: (1) the in utero-exposed children (ie, those born to mothers who had been pregnant at the time of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) and (2) the F1 population, which was conceived after the atomic-bombings and born to parents of whom one or both were atomic bomb survivors. Although from 1950 to 1984 only 18 cancer cases were identified among the in utero sample, cancer risk did appear to significantly increase as maternal uterine dose increased. However, since the observed cases are too few in number to allow a site-specific review, the increased cancer risk cannot be definitively attributed to atomic bomb radiation, as yet. For those members of the F1 population who were less than 20 years old between 1946 and 1982, cancer risk did not appear to increase significantly as parental gonadal dose increased. Follow-up of this population will continue to determine if the patterns of adult-onset cancer are altered
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Journal Article
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JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association; ISSN 0098-7484; ; CODEN JAMAA; v. 264(5); p. 596-600
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AbstractAbstract
[en] A retrospective dosimetry based on work history information has been used for an epidemiological study of Japanese radiological technologists although much uncertainty is involved. Work history and self-reported doses have been investigated for individual dosimetry of 1219 radiological technologists and researchers using questionnaires. The reconstructed doses by retrospective dosimetry have been compared with self-reported doses in order to examine the validity of the estimates by dose reconstruction. There was no good correlation between the reconstructed doses and self-reported doses. The ratios of the former to the latter for each subject distributed 3.4x10-3 to 7.4x103 with a median value of 4.5. These results suggest the possibility of overestimation of radiation dose by dose reconstruction. The dose reconstruction is necessary, however, especially in the periods before the introduction of individual dose monitoring. (author)
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International workshop on retrospective dosimetry (physical and biological aspects); Tianjin (China); 14-17 Oct 1997; Country of input: Argentina
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Journal Article
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Conference
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Yoshimoto, Y.; Yoshinaga, S.
12th Quadrennial Congress of the International Association for Radiation Research incorporating the 50th Annual Meeting of Radiation Research Society, RANZCR Radiation Oncology Annual Scientific Meeting and AINSE Radiation Science Conference2003
12th Quadrennial Congress of the International Association for Radiation Research incorporating the 50th Annual Meeting of Radiation Research Society, RANZCR Radiation Oncology Annual Scientific Meeting and AINSE Radiation Science Conference2003
AbstractAbstract
[en] Social concerns for potential radiation risks due to nuclear power plant (NPP) routine operation have challenged us to overcome the inherent limitation of a geographical correlation study. A multi-site study to evaluate health risks in the NPP vicinities for a long time is useful to offer more comprehensive information than a local site study because the radiation dose is very small, at most 10-20 μSv per year in Japan. Mortality rates from solid cancers and congenital anomalies (age<1 year) between 1972- 1997 in 100 selected Japanese municipalities either with or without a NPP were analyzed using Poisson regression. Excess relative risk (ERR) in all periods and 20 municipalities with a NPP showed a significant negative value (-0.052, p<0.001) for solid cancers and no significant different for congenital anomalies compared with in the remaining 80 control areas. Broadly speaking, the mortality rates from these two causes do not support the social concern about a possibly increased health risks due to radiation from Japanese NPP facilities although several issues remain to be resolved. At present it is not possible in the analysis for us to get an appropriate surrogate score for radiation dose. Further examinations are expected especially for specific site groups of solid cancers. Our previous report observed a significant small positive ERR (0.228, p=0.0027) for leukemia mortality at old ages, which is due to factors other than radiation. On the other hand, a possible pathogenesis for congenital anomalies is less justified than for solid cancers; no adverse deterministic effects on fetus in the concerned radiation dose range and much less likely adverse genetic effects than had worried in the past when conducting many tests of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere. Temporal and geographical pattern of these mortality rates throughout Japan will be useful to reduce uncertainty of our findings
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International Association for Radiation Research (International Organisation without Location); Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE), Lucas Heights, NSW (Australia); 414 p; 2003; p. 189; ICRR 2003: 12. Quadrennial Congress of the International Association for Radiation Research; Brisbane, QLD (Australia); 17-22 Aug 2003; Available in abstract form only, full text entered in this record
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Miscellaneous
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AbstractAbstract
[en] An apparent increase of leukemia risk raises occasionally public concern of radiation exposure in the developed countries where nuclear power plants (NPPs) are located although the facilities operate normally. On the contrary a reactor plant accident certainly poses a threat to increase thyroid cancer risk in children by radioiodine uptake mainly resulted from contaminated fresh milk due to the fallout. As the end of 1998, there were 52 NPPs operating in Japan. One of our important issues of radiation epidemiology is how to elucidate scientific, social, and political controversy about the potential public health risk of radiation exposure near NPPs if nuclear energy is necessary in Japanese society from now on. A review was conducted for the epidemiological study as a public health monitoring of potential risk of radiation exposure near the NPPs in Japan with respect to two points; routine releases of radioactive effluents from NPPs and consequence of a NPP accident. (author)
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Source
Japan Health Physics Society, Tokyo (Japan); 1 v; May 2000; [4 p.]; IRPA-10: 10. international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association; Hiroshima (Japan); 14-19 May 2000; This CD-ROM can be used for WINDOWS 95/98/NT, MACINTOSH; Acrobat Reader is included; Data in PDF format, No.P-2a-62
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Multimedia
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Conference
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ACCIDENTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BODY, DISEASES, DOCUMENT TYPES, ENDOCRINE GLANDS, ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS, GLANDS, GRAPHITE MODERATED REACTORS, LWGR TYPE REACTORS, MATERIALS, NEOPLASMS, NUCLEAR FACILITIES, ORGANS, POWER PLANTS, POWER REACTORS, RADIATION EFFECTS, RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, RADIOACTIVE WASTES, REACTORS, THERMAL POWER PLANTS, THERMAL REACTORS, WASTES, WATER COOLED REACTORS
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Yoshimoto, Y.; Soda, M.; Mabuchi, K.
Proceedings of the international conference on radiation effects and protection1992
Proceedings of the international conference on radiation effects and protection1992
AbstractAbstract
[en] At the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and its successor organization, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, mortality and morbidity surveys have been continually carried out on about 1,800 persons exposed in utero to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Although the effect of radiation exposure was marked enough to permit observation of a dose-response relationship in the 30 known cases of severe mental retardation among the in utero-exposed, the association between in utero exposure and cancer risk is still uncertain. Based on data for all cancers from 1950 through 1984 for the in utero-exposed, the excess risk per 10,000 person-year-Gy was 6.57 and the relative risk at 1 Gy was 3.77. For the recent years 1985-89, there was no evident excess of cancer risk. During the remaining lifetime, it seems unlikely that any great excess of leukemia will appear. As for the risk of solid tumors, further follow up is in progress. The 1950-89 findings for cancer risk among the in utero-exposed will be compared with cancer risk among A-bomb survivors who were less than 10 years old at the time of the bombings. (author)
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Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokyo (Japan); 558 p; 1992; p. 80-85; International conference on radiation effects and protection; Mito (Japan); 18-20 Mar 1992
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Miscellaneous
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Conference
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Cancer mortality among 40,498 Hiroshima and Nagasaki residents was examined in relation to cigarette smoking habits and estimated atomic bomb radiation exposure level. Relative risk (RR) models that are either multiplicative or additive in the two exposures were emphasized. Most analyses were directed toward all nonhematologic (ANH) cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, or digestive tract cancer other than stomach cancer, for which there were, respectively, 1,725, 658, 281, and 338 deaths in the follow-up period for this study. Persons heavily exposed to both cigarette smoke and radiation were found to have significantly lower cancer mortality than multiplicative RR models would suggest for ANH cancer, stomach cancer, and digestive tract cancer other than stomach cancer. Surprisingly, the RR function appeared not only to be submultiplicative for some of these cancer site categories but also may be subadditive. The lung cancer RR function could not be distinguished from either a multiplicative or an additive form. The number of deaths was sufficient to permit some more detailed study of ANH cancer mortality: RR functions appeared to be consistent between males and females, though a paucity of heavy smoking females limits the precision of this comparison. The submultiplicative nature of the RR function mentioned above was particularly pronounced among persons who were relatively young (less than or equal to 30 yr of age) at the time of radiation exposure. The RR function for these younger subjects depends strongly on both radiation and cigarette smoke exposure levels. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to human carcinogenesis models. As a byproduct, cancer mortality of several sites is significantly related to radiation exposure in this population, after accommodation for the possible confounding effects of cigarette smoking
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Journal Article
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JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute; ISSN 0027-8874; ; v. 70(4); p. 611-622
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Yoshimoto, Y.; Soda, M.; Schull, W.J.; Mabuchi, K.
203rd American Chemical Society national meeting1992
203rd American Chemical Society national meeting1992
AbstractAbstract
[en] Mortality and morbidity surveillance of about 1,800 children exposed in utero to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has been and continues to be undertaken at RERF. While an increased frequency of mental retardation associated with exposure to radiation during the 8th through 15th week of gestation age has been well documented, late effects on cancer risk among these children remain to be determined through continued follow-up of the subjects. The two dozen cancer cases observed thus far represent less than 10% of the cases to be expected through the lifetime of these children. This presentation provides epidemiologic characteristics of the children, and summarizes cancer risk in 1946--89. It seems unlikely that a large excess of leukemia will appear in later life. However, for solid tumors, further careful study will be needed since these subjects are now entering the cancer-prone ages
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Source
Anon; 2442 p; 1992; p. 1259-1260, Paper NUCL 25; American Chemical Society; Washington, DC (United States); 203. American Chemical Society (ACS) national meeting; San Francisco, CA (United States); 5-10 Apr 1992; American Chemical Society, 1155 16th Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20036-4899 (United States)
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Book
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Anegawa, T.; Yoshimoto, Y.; Yokomizo, O.; Ebata, S.
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Boiling Water Reactor Stability1991
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Boiling Water Reactor Stability1991
AbstractAbstract
[en] Verifications of three dimensional BWR core dynamics program STANDY have been performed by out-of-core loop data and stability test data at actual plant. Space dependent analyses of core wide mode instability and out-of phase regional mode instability have carried out, and the characteristics of the various parameters in the oscillations were evaluated. Based on these analyses, it has been shown that the flow amplitude in an unstable channel was larger in a regional oscillation than in a core wide oscillations, and that thermal margin decrease were smaller than the initial margin expected under operation conditions to cause instability. Comparison between analysis results by frequency domain program and those by three dimensional core dynamics program have also been done, and examined the analysis procedure of regional stability by the frequency domain program. Then, the long-term stability countermeasures by SRI system is described
Primary Subject
Source
Nuclear Energy Agency, 75 - Paris (France). Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations; 548 p; 1991; p. 337-353; International Workshop on Boiling Water Reactor Stability; Brookhaven, NY (USA); 17-19 Oct 1990
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Report
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Nuclear thermal hydraulic oscillations in BWR cores were analyzed by the space-dependent BWR core transient program STANDY. In a simulation of instability in the Lasalle-2 unit, the oscillations that caused a scram were successfully reproduced. The maximum thermal margin decrement was far smaller than the initial margin, and significant margin to thermal limits existed at the time of scram. An analysis of hypothetical control rod insertion suggested that the oscillations could have been suppressed by only a few control rods. Analyses of a core destabilized by various parameters were also carried out to examine thermal margin sensitivity during the oscillations. The results showed that, regardless of which parameters were assumed to make the core unstable, thermal margin changes were substantially smaller than the initial margin expected under operation conditions to cause an instability. (orig.)
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