[en] We investigate single top production in association with a variety of Standard Model final states with a focus on the early LHC run. Here X can be jets, large missing transverse momentum and/or electroweak gauge bosons. For this review, we focus on searches for new W' gauge bosons and heavy B' quarks. A general survey of the possible new physics with associated single top production can be found in literature. In essence, the channel probes a variety of new physics, is intricately tied to the new physics at the TeV scale and is essential for maximizing the potential of the early LHC for new physics. We showed TeV W' bosons and B' heavy quarks are easily accessible during the early LHC running

[en] In original twin Higgs model, vacuum misalignment between electroweak and new physics scales is realized by adding explicit ℤ₂ breaking term. Introducing additional twin Higgs could accommodate spontaneous ℤ₂ breaking, which explains origin of this misalignment. We introduce a class of twin two Higgs doublet models with most general scalar potential, and discuss general conditions which trigger electroweak and ℤ₂ symmetry breaking. Various scenarios on realising the vacuum misalignment are systematically discussed in a natural composite two Higgs double model framework: explicit ℤ₂ breaking, radiative ℤ₂ breaking, tadpole-induced ℤ₂ breaking, and quartic-induced ℤ₂ breaking. We investigate the Higgs mass spectra and Higgs phenomenology in these scenarios.

[en] We present the results of a global analysis of a class of models with an extended electroweak gauge group of the form SU(2) x SU(2) x U(1), often denoted as G(221) models, which include as examples the left-right, the lepto-phobic, the hadro-phobic, the fermio-phobic, the un-unified, and the non-universal models. Using an effective Lagrangian approach, we compute the shifts to the coeffcients in the electroweak Lagrangian due to the new heavy gauge bosons, and obtain the lower bounds on the masses of the Z' and W' bosons. The analysis of the electroweak parameter bounds reveals a consistent pattern of several key observables that are especially sensitive to the effects of new physics and thus dominate the overall shape of the respective parameter contours. (orig.)

[en] We present the results of a global analysis of a class of models with an extended electroweak gauge group of the form SU(2)xSU(2)xU(1), often denoted as G(221) models, which include as examples the left-right, the leptophobic, the hadrophobic, the fermiophobic, the un-unified, and the nonuniversal models. Using an effective Lagrangian approach, we compute the shifts to the coefficients in the electroweak Lagrangian due to the new heavy gauge bosons, and obtain the lower bounds on the masses of the Z^' and W^' bosons. The analysis of the electroweak parameter bounds reveals a consistent pattern of several key observables that are especially sensitive to the effects of new physics and thus dominate the overall shape of the respective parameter contours.

[en] We investigate the collider phenomenology of the scalar triplet particles in the Type-II seesaw model at a 100 TeV pp collider. Depending on triplet vacuum expectation value v_Δ, the dominant discovery channels could be H⁺⁺H⁻⁻ and H^±±H^∓. We find the H^±±H^∓ → W^±W^±hW^∓/ℓ^±ℓ^±hW^∓ channels are promising for both model discovery at relatively large v_Δ and determination of the Higgs portal couplings λ₄ and λ₅. We also find that these two channels are complementary to indirect determination of λ₄ from future precise measurements on h → γγ decay rate. Together with pair production of the doubly-charged Higgs subsequently decaying into same-sign di-leptons, the H^±±H^∓ channels have the potential to cover a significant portion of the parameter space of the Type-II seesaw complex scalar triplet model.

[en] Composite Higgs and neutral-naturalness models are popular scenarios in which the Higgs boson is a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson (PNGB), and naturalness problem is addressed by composite top partners. Since the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) with dimension-six operators cannot fully retain the information of Higgs nonlinearity due to its PNGB nature, we systematically construct low energy Lagrangian in which the information of compositeness and Higgs nonlinearity are encoded in the form factors, the two-point functions in the top sector. We classify naturalness conditions in various scenarios, and first present these form factors in composite neutral naturalness models. After extracting out Higgs effective couplings from these form factors and performing the global fit, we find the value of Higgs top coupling could still be larger than the standard model one if the top quark is embedded in the higher dimensional representations. Also we find the impact of Higgs nonlinearity is enhanced by the large mass splitting between composite states. In this case, pattern of the correlation between the t$\stackrel{¯<!--\; ??\; -->}{t}$h and t$\stackrel{¯<!--\; ??\; -->}{t}$hh couplings is quite different for the linear and nonlinear Higgs descriptions.

[en] Inflammatory response played an important role in the progression of spinal cord injury (SCI). Several miRNAs were associated with the pathology of SCI. However, the molecular mechanism of miRNA involving in inflammatory response in acute SCI (ASCI) was poorly understood. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 2 groups: control group (n=6) and acute SCI (ASCI) group (n=6). The expression of miR-199b and IκB kinase β-nuclear factor-kappa B (IKKβ-NF-κB) signaling pathway were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) in rats with ASCI and in primary microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that downregulation of miR-199b and activation of IKKβ/NF-κB were observed in rats after ASCI and in activated microglia. miR-199b negatively regulated IKKβ by targeting its 3′- untranslated regions (UTR) through using luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-199b reversed the up-regulation of IKKβ, p-p65, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-treated BV2 cells assessed by western blotting analysis. In addition, BMS-345541 reversed the up-regulation effects of miR-199b inhibitor on the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. In the SCI rats, overexpression of miR-199b attenuated ASCI and decreased the expression of IKKβ-NF-κB signaling pathway and TNF-α and IL-1β. These results indicated that miR-199b attenuated ASCI at least partly through IKKβ-NF-κB signaling pathway and affecting the function of microglia. Our findings suggest that miR-199b may be employed as therapeutic for spinal cord injury. - Highlights: • Downregulation of miR-199b and activation of IKKβ/NF-κB were observed in rat after SCI. • miR-199b negatively regulated IKKβ by targeting its 3′-UTR. • miR-199b overexpression reversed the increasing IKKβ, p-p65, TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-treated BV2. • BMS-345541 reversed the up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β induced by miR-199b inhibitor. • Overexpression of miR-199b attenuated ASCI and decreased the expression of IKKβ-NF-κB in rats.

[en] Ultra-cold atom experiment in space with microgravity allows for realization of dilute atomic-gas Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with macroscopically large occupation number and significantly long condensate lifetime, which allows for a precise measurement on the shape oscillation frequency by calibrating itself over numerous oscillation periods. In this paper, we propose to measure the Newtonian gravitational constant via ultra-cold atom BEC with shape oscillation, although it is experimentally challenging. We also make a preliminary perspective on constraining the modified Newtonian potential such as the power-law potential, Yukawa interaction, and fat graviton. A resolution of frequency measurement of (1-100) nHz at most for the occupation number 10${}^9$, just one order above experimentally achievable number N ∼ 10${}^6$ - 10${}^8$, is feasible to constrain the modified Newtonian potential with Yukawa interaction greatly beyond the current exclusion limits.

[en] We consider extended scalar sectors of the Standard Model as ultraviolet complete motivations for studying the effective Higgs self-interaction operators of the Standard Model effective field theory. We investigate all motivated heavy scalar models which generate the dimension-six effective operator, $|H{|}^6$, at tree level and proceed to identify the full set of tree-level dimension-six operators by integrating out the heavy scalars. Of seven models which generate $|H{|}^6$ at tree level only two, quadruplets of hypercharge $Y=3Y_H$ and $Y=Y_H$, generate only this operator. Next we perform global fits to constrain relevant Wilson coefficients from the LHC single Higgs measurements as well as the electroweak oblique parameters $S$ and $T$. We find that the $T$ parameter puts very strong constraints on the Wilson coefficient of the $|H{|}^6$ operator in the triplet and quadruplet models, while the singlet and doublet models could still have Higgs self-couplings which deviate significantly from the standard model prediction. To determine the extent to which the $|H{|}^6$ operator could be constrained, we study the di-Higgs signatures at the future 100 TeV collider and explore future sensitivity of this operator. Projected onto the Higgs potential parameters of the extended scalar sectors, with $30$ ab${}^{-<!--\; ???\; -->1}$ luminosity data we will be able to explore the Higgs potential parameters in all seven models.