[en] Surface compositional change of GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, InSb, GeSi and CdSe single crystals due to low keV nobel gas ion beam bombardment has been investigated by combining X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Low Energy Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (LEISS). The purpose of using this complementary analytical method is to obtain more complete experimental evidence of ion beam modification in surfaces of compound semiconductors and GeSi alloy to improve the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for these effects. (Author)

[en] Short communications only

[en] Using X-ray pinhole cameras and a crystal spectrograph, we have carefully measured and analysed the radiation composition and spatial distribution of plasmas produced by line-focused laser irradiation on segmented targets. The measured results show that intensities of different satellite lines and resonance lines of aluminium H-like ions are dependent on the laser intensity more strongly than that of He-like ions spectra. In addition, different from Al plasma, Au plasma only emits continuum and the spatial extent of gold LPX radiation remains almost unchanged in the whole range of LPX spectra, which makes the boundary of the spatial distribution of the LPX radiation field very sharp. (author)

[en] In the literature, it was proposed that the growth index γ is useful to distinguish the scenarios of dark energy and modified gravity. In the present work, we consider the constraints on the growth index γ by using the latest observational data. To be model-independent, we use cosmography to describe the cosmic expansion history, and also expand the general γ(z) as a Taylor series with respect to redshift z or y-shift, y=z/(1+z). We find that the present value γ${}_0$=γ(z=0)≃0.42 (for most of viable f(R) theories) is inconsistent with the latest observational data at high confidence level (C.L.). On the other hand, γ0≃0.55 (for dark energy models in GR) can be consistent with the latest observational data at 1σ C.L. in five of the nine cases under consideration, but is inconsistent beyond 2σ C.L. in the other four cases (while it is still consistent within the 3σ region). Thus, we can say nothing firmly about γ0≃0.55. We also find that a varying γ(z) is favored.

[en] The three-wave interaction in a laser beat-wave accelerator is studied. We find that with the parameters of σ = ω/sub p//(ω₁-ω₂) and β = ω₂/ω₁ properly chosen (where ω/sub p/, ω₁, and ω₂ are the plasma frequency and frequencies of the two laser beams, respectively), the required large-amplitude plasma wave will be excited even though the incident laser beams are relatively weak; as a result, the injected electrons will obtain a significant energy gain

[en] The three-wave interaction in a laser beat-eave accelerator are studied. It is found that with the parameters of σ = ω_p/(ω₁ - ω₂) and β = ω₂/ω₁ properly chosen (where ω_p, ω₁, ω₂ are the plasma frequency and frequencies of the two laser beams respectively), the required large-amplitude plasma wave will be excited even though the incident laser beams are relatively weak. As a result, the injected electrons will get a sighificant energy gain

[en] To integrate measurements of eco-efficiency with control loop configuration has become an important topic since all industrial processes/plants are requested to increase their eco-efficiency. The exergy eco-efficiency factor, a new measure of eco-efficiency for control loop configuration, has been developed recently. The exergy eco-efficiency factor is based on the thermodynamic concept of exergy, which can be used to analyze a process in terms of its efficiency. The combination of the relative gain array (RGA), NI, CN, dynamic RGA, and the exergy eco-efficiency factor will help guide the process designer to find the optimal control design with low operating cost/eco-efficiency. In this paper, we validate the proposed exergy eco-efficiency factor for processes with recycles which are very common industrially

[en] The Boussinesq equation is one of important prototypic models in nonlinear physics. Various nonlinear excitations of the Boussinesq equation have been found by many methods. However, it is very difficult to find interaction solutions among different types of nonlinear excitations. In this peper, two equivalent very simple methods, the truncated Painlevé analysis and the generalized tanh function expansion approaches, are developed to find interaction solutions between solitons and any other types of Boussinesq waves. (general)

[en] Based on non-linear optimum theory in mathematics program and taking the method of corrected complex, the choice of the optimum configuration parameters and the quantity of spray have been given. It could tentatively be used for designers concerned

[en] The field distribution in the overdense region above the resonant point of an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma is studied. It indicates that owing to the mutual conversion between the extraordinary electromagnetic wave and the longitudinal plasma wave, the electromagnetic wave will grow again in the overdense plasma