[en] The transition strain-rate represents the start of significant contributions from radial inertia-induced lateral confinement to the axial compressive strength of the tested materials. However, it has been misinterpreted for decades by many studies as the start of significant strain-rate effect on the dynamic uniaxial compressive strength of the tested materials. Based on the dimensional analysis and numerical and experimental data, a semi-empirical formula to determine the transition strain-rates for various engineering materials is proposed. Errors in SHPB tests due to the contribution of the lateral confinement effect are estimated. It is found that, except for metals, transition strain-rates of concrete-like, rock-like and polymeric materials are unfortunately located in the valid range of SHPB tests that has been commonly accepted by research communities. Thus SHPB tests cannot be treated as valid measurements under uniaxial stress state when strain-rates are greater than the transition strain-rate

[en] The self-dual and non-self-dual solutions for the CP(n) chiral fields are obtained by means of various methods of embedding the subgroup SU(m) (m< or =n) into the SU(n+1) group space. We discuss the origin, the property and corresponding gauge fields as well as topological charges of the non-self-dual solutions in detail. The non-self-dual solutions are induced from the present theoretical frames inevitably

[en] Etch characteristics of MgO thin films were investigated using an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etcher in a HBr/Ar plasma. As the concentration of HBr gas increased, the etch rate of MgO thin films gradually decreased, but the etch rate of Ti hard mask showed initial decrease and then increased with increasing HBr concentration. The etch profile of MgO films was improved with increasing HBr concentration and a high degree of anisotropy in etch profile was achieved at 30% HBr/Ar gas. Based on the etch characteristics and surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it can be concluded that the etch mechanism of MgO thin films in a HBr/Ar gas does not follow the reactive ion etch mechanism but the sputter etching mechanism with the assistance of chemical reactions on the film surfaces.

[en] Inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching of CoFeB magnetic thin films patterned with Ti hard mask was studied in a CH₃OH/Ar gas mix. As the CH₃OH concentration increased, the etch rates of CoFeB thin films and Ti hard mask decreased but the etch profiles improved with high degree of anisotropy. The effects of coil rf power, dc-bias voltage and gas pressure on the etch characteristics were investigated. The etch rate increased with increasing coil rf power, dc-bias voltage and decreasing gas pressure. The degree of anisotropy in the etch profile of CoFeB films improved with increasing coil rf power and dc-bias voltage. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the chemical compounds containing Co and Fe components were formed during the etching. However, it was expected that the formation of these compounds could not increase the etch rates of the films due to low volatile compounds despite the improvement in etch profile.

[en] Behavior and process of oxidisation of ultra-fine tungsten wire prepared by electrochemical corrosion technology were studied using SEM photography, energy spectrum, XRD and mechanical property test. It was shown that black-brown oxidized products in the air were complex oxidate where oxygen quantivalence was between + 4 and + 6. Mass percent of oxygen in the surface of ultra-fine tungsten wire after electrochemical corrosion had already exceeded 1%. While the tungsten wire was oxidating in air, oxygen content in the surface of tungsten wire first increased and then decreased. Regular strips formed on the surface of W wire after electrochemical corrosion, while 10 months after oxidation, irregular striation appeared, and 85 months after fluctuation of both regular strips and irregular striation tended to be weak. Break-down strength of tungsten wire decreased but ductility changed little after oxidation. Such properties may relate with both protective and un-protective properties of oxidate of W. (authors)

[en] Low-dimensional phase-change nanostructures provide a valuable research platform for understanding the phase-transition behavior and thermal properties at nanoscale and their potential in achieving superdense data storage. Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ nanowires have been grown using a vapor-liquid-solid technique and shown to exhibit distinctive properties that may overcome the present data storage scaling barrier. Local heating of an individual nanowire with a focused electron beam was used to shape a nano-bar-code on a Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ nanowire. The data encoding on Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ nanowire may promote novel device concepts to implement ultrahigh density, low energy, high speed data storage using phase-change nanomaterials with diverse thermal-programing strategies

[en] In order to study the mechanism of chain scission and the racemization processes, the radiation effect on iso-polymethyl methacrylate in its various states was studied, i.e. amorphous solid, crystalline state and in solution. In solution, especially in dilute solution, the polymer chain and its segments are much more mobile than in their solid states. In their solid state, especially in crystalline state, the chains and their segments are restricted. This study is significant for the study of the mechanisms of radiation-induced chain-scission and racemization. (author)

[en] We establish an underlying quantum dynamical algebra SU(2) for a one-dimensional Morse potential. (general)

[en] With growing numbers of solar energy installations near airports or within, solar glare is becoming an increasing concern. The glare impact which is the potential hazard for pilots and air-traffic control personnel can range from discomfort to disability. First, a review of metrics used to determine safe retinal irradiances was presented. Metrics for both permanent eye damage and temporary after-image effects were included. A summary of safety standards is compiled from the literature to evaluate the potential hazards of calculated irradiances from glare. The impact factors of glare for photovoltaic near airports or within are analyzed. It has presented a new evaluation method based on bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) to evaluate potential glint and glare hazards from specular reflected sunlight for solar Photovoltaic in this paper. The analytical models were then derived to calculate irradiances. Finally, a sample is provided for glare in the airport. (paper)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the significance of monitoring serum sex hormones levels after ovarian tissue auto-transplantation. Methods: Twenty-five patients with stage IV recurrent endometriosis after one or two times of conservative surgeries underwent radical surgery. Their ovarian tissue fragments were transplanted to greater omentum. Serum follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E₂) levels were measured monthly since fourth month post-operatively. After E₂ was increased, based body temperature was measured and vaginal hormone cytology was examined weekly for maturation index (MI) to assess the ovulatory phase and luteal phase in those with viable ovarian tissues. Serum levels of FSH, LH and E₂ in ovulatory phase and luteal phase were determined 20 women with viable ovarian tissues for three cycles as well as in 20 normal sexually mature women and 20 operative menopausal women. Results: There were 12 cases who had increasing of E₂ at four months post operatively and 8 cases more at six months. The other 5 cases with low serum E₂ levels and high FSH and LH levels at 12 months were designated as failures. The survival rate of transplanted ovarian tissue was 80.0%. There were no significant differences of the serum FSH, LH and E₂ levels in ovulatory phase and luteal phase between women with viable grafted ovarian tissues and normal sexually mature women. Conclusion: Monitoring of sex hormones is a good means to assess the viability of the transplanted ovarian tissue fragments