[en] In this paper, we partially settle down the long-standing open problem of the finite time blow-up property about the nonlinear Schroedinger equations on some Riemannian manifolds such as the standard 2-sphere S² and the hyperbolic 2-space H²(-1). Using the similar idea, we establish such blow-up results on higher dimensional standard sphere and hyperbolic n-space. Extensions to n-dimensional Riemannian warped product manifolds with n≥2 are also given

[en] Highlights: • A four layered phosphate coating was electro-deposited on AZ31 alloy in deaerated 0.1 M K2HPO4 solution with pH 9.5. • The formation process of phosphate conversion coating contains five characterization stages. • Amorphous Mg(OH)2, MgHPO4 and crystallized KMgPO4• 6H2O are in sequence deposited to form the conversion coating. • The innermost layer of the coating consists of Mg(OH)2, and the inner layer consists of Mg(OH)2 and MgHPO4. • The middle layer consists of Mg(OH)2, MgHPO4 and KMgPO4• 6H2O, and the topmost layer consists of MgHPO4 and KMgPO4• 6H2O. - Abstract: The coating process of a four layered phosphate mineral conversion coating on AZ31 Mg alloy deposited at −0.8 V in 0.1 M K_2HPO_4 solution with pH 9.5 was studied by in situ potentiostatic polarization, together with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal gravimetry (DTG) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). Our results show that the coating process can be divided into five stages. The initial two stages are caused by the rapid decrease of charging current of the electrical double layer capacitance and the slow increase of faraday current density on AZ31 Mg alloy, and Mg(OH)_2 was detected in the corrosion product in these two stages. The third process corresponds to the deposition of amorphous MgHPO_4 film, followed by the fourth process corresponding to the decrease of the corrosion resistance of MgHPO_4. In the last stage, crystallized KMgPO_4 · 6H_2O (struvite-K) forms. The SEM, XPS, TG, DSC, DTG and EPMA indicate that the deposited coating consists of four layers. The innermost layer is composed of a corosion product, Mg(OH)_2, followed by the inner layer composed of Mg(OH)_2 and MgHPO_4, subsequently the middle layer consisting of Mg(OH)_2, MgHPO_4 and struvite-K, and finally the topmost layer consisting of MgHPO_4 and struvite-K

[en] The measurements of bremsspectrum from 6 MV stable accelerator are carried the by an iterative least-square on numerical analysis of transmission data, and the calculating program of an iterative least-square was written. The problem for the selection of absorber has been discussed

[en] Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of fever-reducing and invigorating Chinese medicine (FRICM) on acute radiation enteritis and effects on nitric oxide level and morphometrics in intestinal mucosa with radiation-induced enteritis in rats. Methods: Altogether 235 patients of acute radiation enteritis with carcinoma of uterine cervix were observed. They were divided into two groups: a FRICM group (administered orally with FRICM) and a control group (administered orally with smectite powder 3 g tid and Norfloxacin 0.2 g bid). Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a FRICM group given (FRICM, orally), a western medicine group (Norfloxacin, orally). An enteritis group (irradiation only) and a control group (without irradiation). In these rats intestinal NO concentrations, mean villous height and number of villi/cm were measured. Results: The notable effective rates in patients of Chinese herbal and western medicine groups were 93.87% and 20.82% respectively, (P<0.01). In rats, compared with the enteritis group, in both FRICM and western medicine groups there were more intestinal villi (P<0.001), the villous height was significantly increased (P<0.001) and the intestinal NO concentration was significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the FRICM and the Western medicine groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the most significant benefit of FRICM in the treatment of patients with acute radiation enteritis was orally effective within 24 h. The results of the animal study showed that FRICM could protect intestinal mucosa and accelerate its healing from radiation damages, as well decrease intestinal NO concentration, which might have a beneficial effect in the protection of intestinal mucosa from radiation damage. The mechanism is worthy of further studies

[en] Objective: To compare the efficacy, complications, cosmetic results between conventional radiotherapy (CR) and three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) after conservative surgery for early breast cancer. Methods: Totally 106 patients underwent postoperative radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery, including 62 patients who received CR and 46 received 3DCRT. The radiation dose was determined by the tumor size, tumor location and axillary node involvement. Tangential fields were used to deliver 6 MV X-ray beams to a total dose of 50 Gy in 5 weeks. An additional 10-15 Gy was given to the tumor bed with 6-9 MeV electron beams in 1.0-1.5 weeks. The median follow-up time was 32 months. Results: The local recurrence, metastasis or death were observed in 3, 5 and 2 patients in the CR group, while 1, 4 and 2 in the 3DCRT group. No statistical significant difference was found between these two groups (P>0.05). Radiation induced pneumonia was observed in 11 patients in CR group versus none in the 3DCRT group. Six months and one year after radiotherapy, 90% and 93% of these patients were assessed as excellent or in fine cosmetic state in the CR group, versus 91.5% and 93.8% in the 3DCRT group. There was no significant difference in the cosmetic results between these two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Three dimensional conformal radiation therapy possesses similar treatment and cosmetic results to conventional radiotherapy after conservative surgery for early breast cancer. But the former, one can markedly reduce the likely hood of radiation complications. (authors)

[en] The measurements of bremsspectrum from 6 MV stable accelerator are carried out by an iterative least-square of numerical analysis of transmission data, and the calculating program of the iterative least-square was written. The problem of selection of the absorber has been discussed

[en] Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by gait disturbance, mental deterioration, and urinary incontinence, but cerebrospinal fluid pressure is in normal range. Although the exact pathologic process of iNPH is unknown, a proportion of patients get clinical improvement after shunt placement. Recent years, some new MRI methods have been applied in researches associated with iNPH, such as volumetric measurement, MR phase-contrast cine technology, DTI, MRS, and MR elastography. We reviewed the latest research developments in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prediction of shunt outcome. The etiology of iNPH was discussed. (authors)

[en] Polarization conversion performance is one of the most important design contents of optical devices. At present, there are many ways to implement polarization conversion. However, they are mostly based on the form of split ring resonator or equivalent plasma, which are not conducive to the miniaturization of electromagnetic devices, particularly in the field of laser applications. In this paper, a novel optical polarization conversion structure has been designed by multi-layered PS/PTFE thin film structures at the wavelength of 10.6 μm based on the equivalent medium theory. Then it was verified that the proposed structure can effectively convert the linear polarized wave to circular polarized wave by the EM full-wave simulation. Compared with the current laser polarization manipulation devices, the proposed novel polarization converter has advantages of ultrathin thickness of structure, simple structure, good light transmission and no electromagnetic loss. Although the structural parameters in this paper are designed for EM wave the wavelength of 10.6 μm, the proposed design idea of the polarization conversion structure is also suitable for the electromagnetic wave at other wavelengths.

[en] The dispersion relation of a conventional 6-vane relativistic magnetron is derived and numerically calculated, which is employed to analyze the operating frequency of the device. Initial results of three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation show that an average output microwave power of about 0.96 GW at 4.5 GHz is obtained at the beam energy of 437 keV and current of 12.2 kA when the externally applied magnetic field is about 0.6 T. The efficiency is about 18%. An average output power of microwave about 4.4 GHz is also obtained at the beam energy of 1.05 MeV and the current of 20.7 kA when the structure parameters are improved. The efficiency is about 20%. (authors)

[en] Micro-aftershocks with magnitude range of 1.5–4 around the Wenchuan earthquake epicenter, the southern part of the Longmenshan fault zone, exhibit good frequency-magnitude linear relationships, thus enabling b-value analysis. The average b-value for micro-aftershocks of M1.5–4 from July to December of 2008 in our local study region is about 0.88, similar to the b-value for all aftershocks of M3.0–5.5 from May, 2008 to May, 2009 along the whole Longmenshan fault zone. The similarity between the local and regional b-values possibly indicates that the southern part of the Longmenshan fault zone has similar seismogenic environment to the whole Longmenshan fault zone. Alternatively, it may also imply that b-values derived from all events without consideration of structural variation can not discriminate local-scale tectonic information. The present study shows that the b-value for the Wenchuan earthquake micro-aftershocks varies with different regions. The b-value in southwest of the Yingxiu town is higher than that in the northeast of the Yingxiu town. The high b-value in the southwest part where the Wenchuan earthquake main shock hypocenter located indicates that the current stress around the hypocenter region is much lower than its surrounding area. The b-values are also dependent on depth. At shallow depths of <5 km, the b-values are very small (∼0.4), possibly being related to strong wave attenuation or strong heterogeneity in shallow layers with high content of porosity and fractures. At depths of ∼5–11 km, where most aftershocks concentrated, the b-values become as high as ∼0.9–1.0. At the depth below ∼11 km, the b-values decrease with the depth increasing, being consistent with increasing tectonic homogeneity and increasing stress with depth.