[en] Objective: To investigate the level of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and assess its role in liver function injury of cirrhosis. Methods: The sICAM-1 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples collected from 50 liver cirrhosis patients and 20 healthy controls. Liver function tests performed in all samples. Results: Serum levels of sICAM-1 were significantly increased in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with healthy controls (t=2.874, P<0.01). Serum levels of sICAM-1 correlated positively with glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) (r=0.2754, P<0.05) and negative with albumin (ALB) (r=-0.4812, P<0.01). Serum levels of sICAM-1 were correlated positively (r=0.3698, P<0.05) with assessment score of disease severity (Child classification). The contents of GOT, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superfamily bilirubin (SB), creatinine (Cr), sICAM-1 were obviously lower than that of pretreatment. The contents of BUN, Cr, sICAM-1 comparison between recombination human growth hormone (rhGH) group and routine group in the after treatment were front obviously lower than that latter. The apparent efficiency, efficiency and inefficiency were 45.45%, 36.36% and 18.18% in rhGH group. The apparent efficiency, efficiency and inefficiency were 36.36%, 45.45% and 27.27% in routine group. Conclusion: sICAM-1 is markedly elevated in liver cirrhosis and correlated with parameters of liver function. sICAM-1 may be useful in assessing the immunopathology of the disease process in liver cirrhosis. (authors)

[en] We conducted a systematic study of the near-IR and mid-IR spectra of ammonia-water ices at various NH₃/H₂O ratios. The differences between the spectra of amorphous and crystalline ammonia-water ices were also investigated. The 2.0 μm ammonia band central wavelength is a function of the ammonia/water ratio. It shifts from 2.006 ± 0.003 μm (4985 ± 5 cm^-1) to 1.993 ± 0.003 μm (5018 ± 5 cm^-1) as the percentage of ammonia decreases from 100% to 1%. The 2.2 μm ammonia band center shifts from 2.229 ± 0.003 μm (4486 ± 5 cm^-1) to 2.208 ± 0.003 μm (4528 ± 5 cm^-1) over the same range. Temperature-dependent shifts of those bands are below the uncertainty of the measurement, and therefore are not detectable. These results are important for comparison with astronomical observations as well as for estimating the concentration of ammonia in outer solar system ices.

[en] The entrance channel potentials of the prototypical polyatomic reaction family X + CH₄→ HX + CH₃ (X = F, Cl, Br, I) are investigated using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and high-level ab initio electronic structure computations. The pre-reactive van der Waals (vdW) wells of these reactions are probed for X = Cl, Br, I by photodetachment spectra of the corresponding X^--CH₄ anion complex. For F-CH₄, a spin-orbit splitting (∼1310 cm^-1) much larger than that of the F atom (404 cm^-1) was observed, in good agreement with theory. This showed that in the case of the F-CH₄ system the vertical transition from the anion ground state to the neutral potentials accesses a region between the vdW valley and transition state of the early-barrier F + CH₄ reaction. The doublet splittings observed in the other halogen complexes are close to the isolated atomic spin-orbit splittings, also in agreement with theory.

[en] In wireless network planning, large-scale MIMO can be applied to beam forming technology, which can ensure the continuous signal of user receiver without interruption. When the user moves, beamforming technology requires beamswitching to reposition the user, which increases unnecessary overhead. In this paper, the user azimuth beam tracking algorithm based on Kalman filtering decomposed the user’s trajectory in the actual scene, and used Kalman filtering algorithm to track the decomposed user’s trajectory, so that the beam can be adjusted to point to the user in real time. Through experimental verification, Kalman filtering is relatively accurate in predicting the position of mobile users relative to the Angle information of base station, and the predicted beam can ensure the stability of users’ connection, and at the same time achieve the purpose of reducing the number of beam-to-beam switching, reducing the overhead, improving the beam tracking efficiency, and making the connection more stable. (paper)

[en] The aromatic benzene molecule (C₆H₆)-a central building block of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules-is of crucial importance for the understanding of the organic chemistry of Saturn's largest moon, Titan. Here, we show via laboratory experiments and electronic structure calculations that the benzene molecule can be formed on Titan's surface in situ via non-equilibrium chemistry by cosmic-ray processing of low-temperature acetylene (C₂H₂) ices. The actual yield of benzene depends strongly on the surface coverage. We suggest that the cosmic-ray-mediated chemistry on Titan's surface could be the dominant source of benzene, i.e., a factor of at least two orders of magnitude higher compared to previously modeled precipitation rates, in those regions of the surface which have a high surface coverage of acetylene.

[en] The digermene molecule, Ge₂H₄(X¹A_g), and the digermenyl radical, Ge₂H₃(X²A''), together with their fully deuterated isotopomers were observed for the first time in low temperature germane and D4-germane matrices at 12 K via infrared spectroscopy upon irradiation of the ices with energetic electrons. The ν ₃ fundamentals were detected at 1825 cm^-1 and 1317 cm^-1 for Ge₂H₃(X²A'') and Ge₂D₃(X²A''), respectively, whereas the digermene molecule H₂GeGeH₂(X¹A_g) and its D4-isotopomer were monitored via their absorptions at 845 cm^-1 (ν ₁₁) and 1476 cm^-1 (ν ₅), respectively. The infrared absorptions of the hitherto elusive digermene and digermenyl species may aid in monitoring chemical vapor deposition processes of germane via time resolved infrared spectroscopy and can also provide vital guidance to search for this hitherto undetected germanium-bearing molecule in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn

[en] The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of dual Cr atoms doped germanium anionic clusters, (n  =  3–14), have been investigated by using photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with density-functional theory calculations. The low-lying structures of are determined by DFT based genetic algorithm optimization. For with n  ⩽  8, the structures are bipyramid-based geometries, while cluster has an opening cage-like structure, and the half-encapsulated structure is gradually covered by the additional Ge atoms to form closed-cage configuration with one Cr atom interior for n  =  10 to 14. Meanwhile, the two Cr atoms in clusters tend to form a Cr–Cr bond rather than be separated. Interestingly, the magnetic moment of all the anionic clusters considered is 1 μ _B. Almost all clusters exhibit antiferromagnetic Cr–Cr coupling, except for two clusters, and . To our knowledge, the cluster is the first kind of transition-metal doped semiconductor clusters that exhibit relatively stable antiferromagnetism within a wide size range. The experimental/theoretical results suggest high potential to modify the magnetic behavior of semiconductor clusters through introducing different transition-metal dopant atoms. (paper)

[en] The digermyl, Ge₂H₅(X²A') and d5-digermyl, Ge₂D₅(X²A'), radicals were detected for the first time in low temperature germane and d4-germane matrices at 12 K via infrared spectroscopy after an irradiation of the samples with mono energetic electrons. Considering a scaling factor of 0.97, ab initio calculations showed that the most intense absorption of the digermyl radical should be observable for the ν ₆ fundamental at 770 cm^-1 Ge₂H₅(X²A') and 547 cm^-1 Ge₂D₅(X²A'), respectively. The actually experimental results (765 cm^-1 and 561 cm^-1) are in good agreement with these computed data; we also detected the ν ₄/ν ₁₂ mode of the d5-digermyl radical at 616 cm^-1. These data may aid in the monitoring of time resolved infrared spectroscopy of germane chemical vapor deposition processes and can also guide prospective observations of germanium-bearing molecules in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn in the infrared regime to better understand the chemical evolution of planetary atmospheres under extreme environments