[en] It is found that the crystalline diffraction angles of the electron-beam irradiated filter paper cellulose shift regularly when the irradiation dose is increased. The experiments indicate that the molecules between crystalline area and amorphous area in the filter paper cellulose will be degraded by the irradiation and the cellulose molecules in the surface of crystal will come off, thus the microcrystalline dimension will be reduced and the diffraction angle will become smaller. The fact that intensity of the 002 peak for filter paper samples decreases gradually with the increasing storage time can be attributed to the post-irradiation effect

[en] The X-ray diffraction spectra of filter paper, saw dust and rice straw were studied after they were irradiated with electron beam. The results show that the relative crystalline degrees of these three celluloses decrease linearly and the position of their X-ray diffraction peak shifts towards smaller angles with the increasing irradiation dose. It is also shown that xylose in saw dust cannot protect the crystalline structure of cellulose against the electron beam exposure

[en] Grafting polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate on low density polyethylene film has been studied by direct method. An effect of radiation dose, dose rate, concentration of cupric ion and polar monomer on grafting rate of polyethylene has been discussed. The grafted product was characterized by infrared spectrum. It was found that the electric capacity of grafting copolymer increase with the increasing of grafting rate

[en] Radiation degradation of short-cotton linters has been studied by using X-ray diffraction, an infrared spectrometer and a viscosimeter. Average molecular weight and crystallinity of short-cotton linters and the change of reducing sugar in γ-radiation degradation were examined. It was found that cellulosic saccharification in hydrolysis was enhanced with preirradiation of linters. This probably resulted from the radiation induced change of cellulosic structure. Sensitizers to promote radiation degradation effect were investigated. Carbon tetrachloride has been found to be effective. (author)

[en] A feasibility of applying electron beam radiation technology in viscose rayon industry was introduced. It was difficulty to control the oxidation degradation of cellulose molecule in aging process of viscose rayon industry. The advantages of electron beam radiation degradation of cellulose were also related. A feasibility of electron beam radiation technology instead of oxidation degradation of cellulose was discussed on technology, process, economy and environment protection. And the development of the investigation of electron beam technology used in viscose rayon in abroad was introduced

[en] The development of radiation vulcanized rubber and its applications, characteristics of the technique, the domestic progress in radiation rubber curing and industrialization scale of radiation processing abroad were reviewed

[en] The effect of electron-beam irradiation on the C₆₀-benzene homologue solutions was investigated. The structure of C₆₀ is found unchanged when it is exposed to the electron beam at room temperature under normal atmospheric pressure. However, a lot of brown deposition will be produced when the C₆₀ dissolved in benzene homologue is irradiated with electron beam. The infrared spectra of these brown deposits show typical IR absorption peaks of C₆₀, benzene, toluene and xylene. Supernatants of the irradiated C₆₀-benzene homologue solution are measured by an UV spectrometer, showing that there is no C₆₀ species in the supernatants of both C₆₀-benzene and C₆₀-toluene solution, while in the xylene solvent some quantity of C₆₀ can still be observed

[en] This paper first reviews the history of irradiation treatment of sewage sludge in the world. The first sludge irradiation plant was built in Geiselbullach, West Germany in 1973 and used ⁶⁰Co as irradiation source. Since then, many sludge irradiators were constructed in U.S.A., India, Japan, Canada, Poland, etc., which used ⁶⁰Co, ¹³⁷Cs or electron beam as irradiation sources. The paper then describes some basic research on irradiation treatment of sewage sludge including optimization of irradiation parameters, synergistic effect of radiation with heat, oxygenation, irradiation-composting and potential applications of treated sludge. Some proposals have been suggested for further development of this technology in the future

[en] Short communication. 2 refs

[en] A review is given for some aspects of research work in radiation treatment of waste water and sewage sludge in the world within more than twenty years, includes radiation decomposition of phenol and cyanides, radiation removal of heavy metals, radiation decolorization of dyes and celluloses, as well as radiation sterilization of drinking water from various origins. Research on radiation treatment of sewage sludge and its practical application are also reviewed. (17 refs.)