[en] For the bone marrow type of radiation sickness, it is possible to describe the injury to whole-body haematopoietic tissue using stem cell dose. In the case of highly non-uniform exposure, an extra-high local dose to certain parts of the body or absorbed dose to critical organs should be additionally described. To obtain objective dosimetric data from objects carried by the irradiated victims, the watch is an easily available accident dosemeter. Watch rubies can be used as thermoluminescence dosemeters, and the watch glass can be used in electron spin resonance dose measurement. (author)

[en] The influence of 1.3 wt.% Gd on microstructure and mechanical properties of cast and hot-extruded ZK60 (Mg-6Zn-0.4Zr) alloy was studied in different conditions, including as-cast, cast-T4, cast-T6 and extruded-T5 and extruded-T6 at the extrusion temperatures of 623, 673 and 723 K. The results show that the addition of Gd leads to a considerable reduction of the age-hardening response and a small decrease of tensile yield strength (TYS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) in cast-T6 and extruded-T5 conditions, owing to the formation of Mg-Zn-Gd intermetallic compound which consumes some of Zn atoms in the matrix. However, the grain refinement caused by the addition of Gd is remarkable, which compensates partly for the loss of TYS and UTS due to the consumption of Zn in the matrix and improves the elongation of the alloy, especially at the elevated temperature