[en] Highlights: • The first rigorous and comprehensive multi-physics model for CH_4 fueled SOFCs. • Steam reforming kinetics for low steam methane is determined accurately. • Experimental I–V relations are reproduced with no adjustable parameters. • Common misconceptions about the OCV data are analyzed and corrected. • Simulations yield detailed information about the CH_4 fueled SOFC operations. - Abstract: Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) fueled by methane with low steam content is desirable from the energy efficiency and power density point of view. Improved understanding about the low steam methane fuel operation is required for advancing the technology. A rigorous and comprehensive multiphysics model for methane fueled SOFCs is described for the first time. The model considers explicitly the detailed balance of local electrical potentials for methane fueled SOFCs to ensure mathematical rigor. A commonly overlooked but important difference between the Nernst potential and the open circuit voltage (OCV) is critically analyzed. Numerical simulations with this multiphysics model show that OCV for low-steam methane fuel is sensitive to the methane steam reforming (MSR) kinetics. The steam reaction order and activation energy of MSR with low-steam methane are then determined accurately by a systematic comparison of the theoretical and experimental OCVs. Moreover, several literature MSR models are shown to be invalid for low steam methane. The multiphysics model and the deduced MSR kinetics are capable of producing the experimental I–V relations without any additional parameter adjustment, demonstrating the predictive power of the theoretical method.

[en] For the improvement of IL-2 and LAK (lymphokine activated killer cells) therapy in tumor, it is desired that an enough amount of adoptively transferred LAK cells migrate to and localize in tumor tissue. We observed the changes of the biodistribution of ⁵¹Cr labeled AK cells when tumor-bearing mice were exposed to different doses of local γ-ray irradiation on tumor. Our experiment showed that: (1) ⁵¹Cr labeled LAK cells distributed mainly into liver and spleen 24 h after i.v. administration and only low level radioactivity of ⁵¹Cr labeled LAK cells were detected from tumor lungs and blood in control group. It may be one of the reasons for the inability of AK cells to eradicate tumor metastases completely in vivo; (2) The mean percentage of total injected activity localizing per gram tumor was 1.04 +- 0.79 in the 10 Gy irradiated group and 0.68 +- 0.22 in the control group, the mean of the tumor to spleen distribution ratio of 10 Gy irradiated group was 3.7 times that for control group, indicating that 10 Gy γ-ray irradiation may enhances the infiltration of LAK cells into tumor tissue

[en] In this paper, the author discussed the recent situation of food irradiation in China, its history, facilities, clearance, commercialization, and with emphasis on market testing and public acceptance of irradiated food. (author)

[en] The primary coolant of 10 MW High-Temperature Gas-Cooling Reactor is helium gas which contains 7 types of impurities affecting the quality of the coolant. These impurities include H_2O, CO_2, H_2, CO, CH_4, N_2 and O_2. By analyzing quality variation of helium gas for the reactor working on different conditions, the following conclusions were draw. At first, after being purified by the helium purification system, the helium gas can meet the quality requirements of the technical specifications during the power operating of the reactor. Secondly, the helium gas's quality decreases when the temperature of the helium gas in the primary system increases. Finally, water is the source item for the slowly changing of impurities. (authors)

[en] The feature of humidity detector to measure the content of water in pure helium of main loop of reactor was discussed, and the circumstances using Al₂O₃ moisture sensor to measure the content of water in helium on-line were introduced. During those few years, the dew-point meter has sufficed to measure the content of water in the helium gas during the running of the reactor. On the other hand, excursion can happen when the instrument running. Demarcate must be made periodically to improve the veracity of the meter. (authors)

[en] Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a research hotspot due to their noninvasive delivery ability. Among the identified CPPs, the TAT and R8 peptides have been preferentially applied to transduction into different cells. However, this process is nonselective among various cells. Recent research suggested that CPP2 could selectively penetrate human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Using in vitro experiments, the mean fluorescence intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled CPPs (CPPs-FITC) incubated with different cell lines was compared to corroborate the colon tumor targeting ability of CPP2. The targeting ability of CPP2 was determined in the same way in tumor-bearing mice. We synthesized antitumor peptides by fusing CPP2 to the minimal inhibitory sequence of p16 (p16MIS), which had the ability to restore the function of lost p16, the expression of which was absent in tumor cell lines of various origins. The antitumor effect of the combined peptide was tested in both CRC cell lines and tumor-bearing mice. In each CRC cell line, the mean fluorescence intensity of CPP2-FITC was higher than that of the TAT-FITC (p < 0.001) and R8-FITC (p < 0.001) groups. CPP2-p16MIS, the targeting carrier, showed a higher antitumor response in the in vitro cell research. CPP2-p16MIS showed a prolonged mean lifespan of tumor-bearing mice, further characterizing its role in specific tumor-targeting ability in vivo. Survival analysis showed that the mice treated with CPP2-p16MIS had significantly longer survival than the mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline (p < 0.05) or those treated with control peptides, including the CPP2 (p < 0.05) and p16MIS (p < 0.05) groups. CPP2 could more selectively penetrate CRC cells than TAT or R8 as well as effectively deliver the p16MIS to the tumor

[en] The power supply for the control rods position measuring system of 5 MW nuclear heating reactor became unstable because of the circuit ageing. A new modular design for the power system has been proposed. The new system is composed of the standard switch power supply modules and three terminal regulators. While this new design can power the control rods position measuring system as effective as the former separate element design, its stability and maintainability are enhanced. (authors)

[en] Objective: To introduce a new descending venography of deep vein in lower extremity via a percutaneous great saphenous access. The clinical value and practicability were also investigated. Methods: The proximal great saphenous vein was located by duplex ultrasound under fluoroscopy. Results: The percutaneous great saphenous access was successfully established on 28 limbs (87.5%) out of 32, puncture was failed on the other 4 limbs (12.5%). According to Kistner grading the venography revealed 2 limbs in grade I (7.1%), 17 limbs in grade II (60.7%), 6 limbs in grade III (21.4%), 3 limbs in grade IV (10.7%). A 1-8 months' follow-up is available for all patients. No complication was found except some local subcutaneous gore. Conclusion: The descending venography of lower extremity's deep vein via a percutaneous great saphenous access is a less-invasive method with higher success rate and few complications. This method can be used to substitute descending venography via the femoral access. (authors)

[en] The helium purification system of 10 MW high temperature gas-cooled reactor consists of the purification equipments and their accessories. The purification equipments include a copper oxide bed, a molecular sieve absorber, a low temperature absorbed, and etc. The gas sampling and analyzing system is consisted of the gas chromatograph, moisture probe, and infrared analyzing instrument. The moisture probe and infrared analyzing instrument both conform to the design requirement, and consecutive inspection of H₂O, CO, CO₂ can be carried out for the primary helium circuit. The gas chromatograph can also meet the design requirement, and so the intermittent sampling and analyzing of H₂, O₂, N₂, CH₄, CO and CO₂ can be carried out for the primary helium circuit. (authors)

[en] Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to collect data from sensors can improve the performance of the sensor network. If the locations of the sensors are unknown or the mobility of sensors is unpredictable, the UAVs should cover the area where the sensors are located. Area coverage involves two stages, including area decomposition into subareas and path planning inside the subareas. This paper proposes a multi-UAVs area decomposition coverage method based on complete region coverage, referred to ADCCRC. First, the target area is transformed into honeycomb and the centers of the cells constitute a connected graph, so area decomposition is transformed into the problem of dividing the connected graph into sub-connected graphs. Then, find a Hamiltonian cycle inside the sub-connected graph as each UAV’s path. The algorithm also has the advantage that the subarea can be combined with UAVs’ capabilities assessment. (paper)