[en] A detector for ionizing radiation is described comprising a generally cylindrical enclosure which contains an ionizable gas, a central wire which with a peripheral wall constitute the electrodes of the device, and a window to permit entry of ionizing radiation. With appropriate potentials applied to the central wire and peripheral wall, ionizing radiation produces electrons which are attracted to the central wire and positive ions which are attracted to the peripheral wall in proportion to the intensity of the radiation. One or more auxiliary electrodes are provided which extend parallel to and between the central electrode and the peripheral wall. An appropriate potential is applied to this auxiliary electrode to neutralize the positive ions

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[en] An x-ray diffraction crystal of the Langemuir-Blodgett type capable of detecting radiation having a wavelength greater than 50 Arystroms and a method of making such a crystal are described. The crystal consists of a pair of alternate monolayers, one a heavy metal soap, and one a light metal soap. Selecting cation pairs with a significant difference in atomic number and dispersing power, such as Pb and Be, Mg, or Ca, increases the effective interplanar distance since the Pb planes cause the predominant x-ray diffraction. (LL)

[en] An X-ray diffraction crystal for the analysis of X-rays having a wave-length of 50 Angstroms or greater is described. It comprises of at least two insoluble monolayers of fatty acids in the form of metal soaps, separated by monolayer pairs of differing metal cation-metal soap or non-cation soaps. Such crystals are formed by alternately raising and lowering a solid substrate through the monolayer-covered liquid surfaces of a bivalent heavy element cation and a bivalent light element cation or cation deleted monolayer. (Auth.)