No abstract available

[en] Russia is a single country in the world which possesses a powerful ice-breaker transport fleet that allows a solution of important social-economic tasks of the country's northern regions by maintaining a year-round navigation along the Arctic sea route. A total operating record of the marine nuclear reactors up until till now exceeds 150 reactor-years, with their main equipment operating life reacting 120 thousand hours. Design and constructional progresses have been made continuously during forty years of nuclear-powered ships construction in Russia. Well proven technology of all components experienced in the marine nuclear reactors give grounds to recommend marine NSSSs of KLT-40 type as energy sources for the heat and power co-generation plants and the sea water desalination complexes, particularly as a floating installation. Co-generation stations are considered for deployment in the extreme Northern Region of Russia. Nuclear floating desalination complexes can be used for drinkable water production in the coastal regions of Northern Africa, the Near East, India etc. (author)

[en] Operating experience and manifold feasibility studies reveal promising market potential for Small Reactors (SR) in remote areas of Russia. A number of SR designs ranged from few MWth to several dozens MWth are proposed by designers for power or heat production and cogeneration. Some of them are at the detailed design stage and ready for practical implementation. Safety concept and operation control approach of SRs are discussed in the paper using Floating Nuclear Power Plant VOLNOLOM-3 design as a typical example. (author)

[en] A nuclear power plant of the KLT-40 type, which meets international safety requirements, is proposed as the power source for the floating nuclear power plant. The main advantages of the nuclear power-desalination complex are as follows: (1) the established fabrication technology, and the confirmed long term reliability and service life of KLT-40 type nuclear power plants and desalination facilities; (2) the high quality of fabrication at the shipbuilding plant, and the possibility of handover of the complex to the customer on a turnkey basis within the shortest possible time; (3) the possibility of siting in various coastal regions of the world; and (4) ease of maintenance by a special service ship at the mooring place, and simple. decommissioning by towing to the supplier country. The floating nuclear power-desalination station for producing potable water is a special non-self-propelled ship equipped with a twin unit nuclear power plant of the KLT-40 type intended for sea water desalination in a protected water area, together with service facilities at the plant mooring place. Distillation-desalination plants with film type, horizontal tube evaporators are used in the floating station for thermal desalination. The floating nuclear power station (FNPS) is a special non-self-propelled ship intended for power generation in a protected water area. The station includes two nuclear steam supply systems of the KLT-40 type, a steam turbine plant, a power plant, and servicing and shipboard systems. The floating nuclear dual purpose station for co-generating electricity and potable water using the reverse osmosis (RO) process includes two floating structures: the FNPS and a ship for producing potable water from sea water using RO. The organizational structure for the development and operation of the floating nuclear power-desalination complex has been studied

[en] This paper outlines state-of-the-art of the Russian nuclear power as of 1997 and its prospects for the nearest future. Results of the BR-10, BOR-60 and BN-600 reactors operation are described, as well as activity of the Russian institutions on scientific and technological support of the BN-350 reactor. Analysis of current status of the BN-800 reactor South-Urals NPP and Beloyarskaya NPP designs is given in brief, as well as prospects of their construction and possible ways of fast reactor technology improvement. Studies on fast reactors now under way in Russia are described. (author)

[en] To solve the problem of seawater desalination and electric energy generation, the designing organizations of Russia have developed two variants of floating nuclear desalination plant. The KLT-40 type reactors, with maximum 160 MW thermal power, is used as the power source for such plant. Depending on the customer requirement one or two power unit could be installed in the floating desalination plant. There are APWS-80 with two reactors, producing 80,000 m³ desalinated water per day and APWS-40 with one reactor, producing 40,000 m³ desalinated water per day. The advantages of floating desalination plants are the possibility to build and test them at the ship-build plant of the supplier country and to hand them over on turnkey base. (author). 5 figs

[en] A considerable part of the Russian Federation territory falls in the regions of North and Far East, which occupy more than 60% of its total area. The consumers' power supply is primarily decentralized and some local demands for electric and thermal energy do not exceed 100-150 MW. Thus in the Russian Federation there is a large market for power sources including small nuclear power plants (SNPP). The fundamental reorganization of social and political system as well as restructuring of the economy in the country require the revision of those plans and intentions of constructing SNPPs that were set previously. At the same time both in the past and today, it is clear that in the XXIst Century the unique fossil and regenerative natural resources of northern and eastern regions of the Russian Federation will be in intensive demand. Therefore the principal targets and prerequisites for developing small nuclear power in our country remain the same. (author)

No abstract available

[en] Review of the general state of nuclear power in Russia as for 1998 is given in brief in the paper. Results of operation of BR-10, BOR-60 and BN-600 fast reactors are presented as well as of scientific and technological escort of the BN-350 reactor. The paper outlines the current status and prospects of South-Urals and Beloyarskaya power unit projects with the BN-800 reactors. The main planned development trends on fast reactors are described concerning both new projects and R and D works. (author)

[en] A brief description is given of the results of work carried out in the Russian Federation on the technical and economic aspects of the application and practical implementation of sea water desalination using a nuclear reactor as the energy source. (author)