[en] The experimental working conditions for the determination of gallium and thallium by Flameless atomic absorption technique have been optimized and the analytical calibration curves have obtained. The charring-atomization curves for both elements have been constructed using both pyrocoated graphite tubes and carbide-coated tubes in different acid media, namely: nitric, hydrochloric and perchloric acids. The results obtained clearly indicate that the atomization surface plays an important role in atom formation processes, and consequently affect the sensitivity and selectivity of analysis. 12 tabs.; 43 figs.; 35 refs

[en] This research is concerned with the adsorption of trichloroethyelene from air steam, by using activated carbon bed. A critical review of the literature is made. The amount of reliable information are shown to be limited, and no work has been done on obtaining the equilibrium data for adsorption of trichloethylene by activated carbon. Two carbon steel columns each of 0.1 M inside diameter and 0.615 M height are used. The packing heights are 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 M, while air flow rate is 3.33x10^-5 M³/sec. Different trichloroethylene concentrations 0.0034875, 0.17175, 0.2389, 0.3894 and 0.423 Kg/M³ are used. The rate of loss is found to be increasing with increasing trichloroethylene concentration for a given bed height, while it is decrease with increasing bed height for a given trichloroethylene concentration. Mass transfer zone length increases with increasing trichloroethylene concentration and it is unaffected by bed height. For a given trichloroethylene concentration, the break through time is directly proportional to the bed height. 45 tabs.; 55 figs.; 44 refs

[en] In the present work two Nd:YAG laser systems of different output characteristic were employed to study the drilling process of some materials used in scientific and industrial fields. These materials include some steel alloys and pure metals such as tungsten, molybdenium, tantalum aluminium, zinc and nickel. Drilling process is achieved through material absorption of part of the incident laser beam. It is the resultant of interfering both, laser beam and material properties and the focusing conditions of the beam. This study went into two directions; the first deal with the affecting parameters in drilling while the second one tackled the drilling process itself. 15 tabs.; 82 figs.; 46 refs

[en] This work is presenting the design and construction of a simple discharge heated copper vapour laser. This design is of two type with different volumes, they differ in the way of joining the electrode with the outer vacuum tube. The first consists of a 50 cm long discharge tube with (1.5 cm) inner diameter characteristics of the power as a function of temperature have been investigated for the two types. It also shows the influence of the current rise time of the current pulse on the output light. It seems that when the current rise time becomes more than 100 ns the stimulated emission reduces and fluorescence increases rapidly. Four types of discharge circuits have been used to obtain fast and sharp current pulse. All these circuits differ from each other in the components and design. 6 tabs.; 31 figs.; 46 refs

[en] The aim of the present work was to study the multi-photon absorption process in two types of molecules; spherical top such as SF₆ molecules and assymetric top such as CHOOH and C₂H₄ molecules. This work also aimed to study the effect of buffer gas pressure (Ar), which is transparent to the infrared (IR) laser on the multiphoton absorption of both types of molecules. A pulsed (TEA) CO₂ laser was used as a source which generates multi-lines in the IR-region of the spectrum and an optoacoustic detector was used to detect the energy absorbed by the molecules. In this study, the relaxation process was found to be faster in the heavy molecules than that in the light ones. A limit in the Ar pressure was observed. Below this limit, the gas acted as an active buffer gas and above it, the multi-photon absorption process was quenched. This work also aimed to study the multi-photon absorption spectrum for the CHOOH molecules in the range (1067-1090 cm^-1). This spectrum was found to be consistent with the linear absorption spectrum obtained for the same range. The density of the vibrational states as a function of the vibrational energy was studied for the molecules SF₆, CHOOH and C₂H₄. The results were used to interpret (i) the difference in the energy absorbed by difference molecules at the same energy density and (ii) the non-linearity in the multi-photon absorption for CHOOH molecules. 1 tab.; 40 figs.; 70 refs

[en] This study included the measurement of concentrations of radioactive isotopes(2''3''2''αTh,U"α''2''3''8,K"α''4''0 ) and doses of radiation caused by them .The isotopes generated by the Uranium , Thorium and actinium series .The equivalent concentrations of Radium, assess external and internal risks arising from the three isotopes at the center of the province of Najaf were calculated and compared the results with limits internationally permitted values was conducted research during the mobile radiation detection system (G R-460), alternative method for the traditional way of snapped models of soil and a measurement process models ,from the radiation detection system (G R-460), obtained the equivalent of radium concentration of radium 2''2''6'' Ra_eq rate, the rate of external risks (Hex) and internal risks (H_in) .The annual rate of potions influential (AEDE_oo) and internal (AEDE_io) were respectively (108.48 Bq / kg), (0.292), (0.441), (0.046) and (0.186 mSv/y).All the above values are considered to be within allowable limits globally

[en] The effect of gamma rays on males and females of Callasobruchus maculatus and Trogoderma granarium which were irradiated as 1-3 days old adults was investigated.The results revealed that the percent egg hatch for both pests was zero, and average number of egg (34.2, 21.5) for both pests respectively where their males where irradiated with 0.18 KGy and mated with unirradiated females.While the percent of egg hatch and the average number of egg (zero, 21, 3) respectively when the females where irradiated with 0.18 and 0.15 KGy and mated to unirradiated males for C. maculatus and T. granarium respectively.Furthermore, the results showed that the percent of eggs hatch and average number of egg was (zero,22.7) for C. maculatus when both sexes irradiated with 0.12 KGy and mated together and it was also (zero, 11.5) for T. granarium when both sexes where irradiated with 0.15 KGy mated together

[en] Positron annihilation lifetime has been utilized for the first time to investigate the free-volume hole properties in thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) as a function of gamma-dose.The hole volume, free volume fraction determined from orthopositronium lifetime are found to be dramatically increase to large values, and then to minimum values as a function of gamma-dose.The free-volume holes size is found to be 0.163nm³and to have maximum of 0.166nm³ at the gamma-dose of 0.1 and 0.8Gy, respectively

[en] In this work LR-115 solid state nuclear track detector used to measure the indoor and outdoor radon concentrations, the annual absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose rate to the lung, were measured in nine houses at different places of Baghdad city, the observed values of indoor and outdoor radon concentrations was in range of 14.7-46.17 Bq/m³ and 9.69-35.69 Bq/m³ respectively.The resulting concentration of Short-lived radon daughters expressed in term of an equilibrium-equivalent radon concentration (EEC),the minimum and maximum indoor results of (EEC) was 5.88-18.46 Bq/m³ and the outdoor results was 6.78-24.98 Bq/m³.The potential Alpha Energy (PAE) concentration expressed in Working Level (WL) units was in the range of 1.58-4.99mWL in indoor and 1.8-6.75mWL in outdoor regions.The annual effective dose calculated according to the radiation weighting (W_R) factor for alpha particles and the tissue weighting (W_T) factor and the annual absorbed dose rate,the present results confirmed that radon gas concentrations in all the nine places of Baghdad city are lower than the International Commission Radiation protection (ICRP)agency,recommended value(200Bq/m³).

[en] The aim of this research was to measure the radiation exposure rates in three selected Locations in southren part of Iraq (two in Nassireya, and one in Amara) resulted from the existence of depleted uranium in soil and metal pieces have been taken from destroyed tank and study mathmatically the concentration of Depleted Uranium by its dispersion from soil surface by winds and rains from 2003 to 2007. The exposure rates were measured using inspector device, while depleted uranium concentration in soil samples and tank's matal pieces were detected with Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors(SSNTDs). The wind and rain effects were considered in the calculation of dispersion effect on depleted uranium concentration in soil, where the wind effect were calculated with respect to the sites nature and soil conditions, and rain effect with respect to dispersive-convective equation for radionuclide in soil. The results obtained for the exposure rates were high near the penetrated surfac, moderate and low in soil and metal pices. The Depleted Uranium concentration in soil and metal pieces have the highest value in Nassireya. The results from dispersion calculation (wind & rain) showed that the depleted uranium concentration in 2008 will be less than the danger level and in allowable contamination range