[en] Genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and its components were studied in 15 genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance (expressed as percentage of mean) for 100 seed weight indicated the influence of additive effect. For days to flowering and maturity, high heritability was associated with low genetic advance, which is an indication of dominant and epistatic nature of inheritance. Genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlation coefficients were computed. These studies revealed that pods per plant, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight were positively correlated with yield. (author)

[en] Effect of gamma irradiation (1-3 kGy) on the physiological and biochemical parameters of irradiated citurs fruit (cv. 'Kinnow') was studied during storage. Gamma irradiation at a dose of 1.0 kGy and above caused skin damage to the fruit and the extent of damage was proportionate to the radiation dose. Irradiated 'Kinnows' lost slightly more weight (non-significant) during storage. The rate of CO/sub/2 and C/sub/2H/sub/4 production increased due to irradiation. Differences in the biochemical constituents due to irradiation were not significant. Organoleptic evaluation revealed unacceptibility of the irradiated 'Kinnows' which due mainly to skin injury. (author)

[en] Swelling in nuclear materials is a serious materials problem in reactor development. Alloys have been found to be more resistant to swelling than pure metals. In order to investigate the effect of solute atoms on void formation, pure Nickel and its three binary alloys Ni-45 ppm c, Ni-124 ppm c and Ni-721 ppm c were irradiated 625 degree centigrade with a dose of 1 * 10/sup/16 Ni/sup/+ ions/cm square of 100 Kev energy. The effect of temperature in range 475-675 degree centigrade on swelling in nickel has also been studied. Preliminary results show that swelling reduces with increase in Carbon content and maximum swelling in Nickel occurs at 625 degree centigrade. These preliminary results are compared with the data obtained by Sorensen and Chen in neutron irradiated nickel. (author)

[en] The performance of five newly evolved promising wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutants of variety Lu-26. i.e. WM-89-1, WM-56-1-2, WM-6-17, WM-81-2 and WM-120-3 along with the standard commercial cultivar (Pak-81), was studied under combined levels of 0-0, 95-35, 115-45-, 135-55, 155-65, 175-75 and 195-85 kilogram per hacter of N-P, during 1984-85. Days to heading, plant height, lodging and grain yield of all the mutants significantly increased (P<0.05) with increasing levels of N and P. However, high doses of fertilizer had no significant effect on spike length and spike-lets per spike. The highest grain yield was recorded in almost all mutants by the combined application of N(135 kilogram per hacter) and P(55 kilogram per hacter) as P2O5. Mutants WM-89-1 outyielded all mutants and the standard variety at 5032 kilogram per hacter was followed by the mutant WM-81-2, which also showed a high level of resistance to lodging under all levels of N and P fertilization. (author)

[en] Radiography is based on the transmission of radiation through objects. On its way through the object, the radiation is affected by absorption and scattering. Differences in absorption are caused by flaws and inhomogenities in the object. The radiographic detector, e.g. film, records these differences and gives a true projection of the inner structure of the object. While the nature of X-ray and gamma-ray radiation is the same, neutron radiation belongs to the group of corpuscular radiation and has a very different absorption and scattering mechanism. The properties of different radiation sources are explained. Some common set-ups for radiographic applications are presented. For different materials special considerations about source and detector are necessary. Compared to X and gamma-ray radiography, neutron radiography covers only a small field of applications. The further development of radiography is directed to automation and improvement, especially in the methods of real-time imaging, image enhancement and image evaluation, which have a good chance for widespread application. Besides this, new methods like computer-tomography give new dimensions to non-destructive testing. (author)

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[en] To study the formation of high temperature superconductors, the system Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O was undertaken. The composition (Bi/sub 1-x/Pb/sub x/)/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub y/ with x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 have been investigated at length. The experiments indicated that the formation of phases depends upon the type of thermal procedure adopted. For the value of x is not equal to 0.2 mixed phases are formed, while the pure high temperature phase is obtained for x=0.2. This phenomenon points to phase formation of boundaries perhaps due to the incorporation of impurities into the lattice. (orig./A.B.)

[en] The paper review the energy demand and supply position in Pakistan and stresses the need for tapping nuclear energy in view of the limitations of conventional energy resources. It is shown that even under conditions of modest economic growth and with the maximum exploitation of available hydro and other resources, the country would still be compelled to instal a large block of nuclear generating capacity over a period of next two decades to meet its power needs. A cost-comparison between nuclear and coal/oil-fired units brings out a decided tilt in favour of nuclear plants which has led the government to decide on the construction of the country's second nuclear plant at Chashma scheduled for completion by 1989. (author)