[en] A survey is presented of experience gained during three years of examinations with digital subtraction angiography. New technical possibilities of processing the X-ray image allowing to image the blood flow bed with unprecedented resulting contrast of the respective arterial part. The method is used in cardiovascular examinations for preoperative diagnosis, in intervention radiology, for checkups after vascular reconstructions and for the diagnosis of malformations and tumors. The advantages of the method are in that a smaller amount of contrast medium is required than for classical arteriography, a 10 to 20 times lower radiation dose, the examination is cheaper, quicker, may be carried out in outpatient departments and the obtained image is immediately available and may futher be processed. The disadvantage is a poorer imaging of details, a smaller imaged area and the dependence of image quality on the blood circulation velocity in the patient. (M.D.). 13 refs., 9 figs

[en] Out of 350 DSA examinations of the cervicocranial region, intracranial vascular malformations were detected in 14 patients, i.e., in 4%. In six cases aneurysms were observed, six times arteriovenous and twice venous malformations were found. Digital subtraction angiography can usually be employed to diagnose major lesions via the intravenous or intraaortal route, the finding, however, is largely informative only. For a more detailed diagnosis, in particular of small lesions and in pre-operative examinations, selective examination is more suitable. (author). 7 figs., 6 refs

[en] The characteristics are described of the symptom of late ramification of lactiferous duct as a ductographic manifestation of mammary gland dysplasia. In the group of 118 patients with pathological secretion from mammary gland the symptom was manifest in 16.1% of patients. It may be differentiated in lactiferous ducts in those women where mammographic signs of the gland dysplasia are missing. In those cases the symptom represents the only deviation leading to the diagnosis of this process from the radiodiagnostic point of view. (author). 4 figs., 5 refs

[en] As part of actinotherapeutic care, scintigraphy was peformed with ^99mTc citrate in 78 patients with tumors on different sites and of a different extent mostly originating in soft tissues. In 85%, a positive scintigram was obtained. The advantage of the method is its general availability, low cost and low radiation load of the examined subjects. In most patients with primary tumors the results of tumor scintigraphy before therapy could be compared with scintigraphic findings made during and after actinotherapy. Scintigraphy with ^99mTc citrate can thus be recommended for the diagnosis of the site, extent and for follow up of malignant tumors. (author)

[en] Forty three patients were treated for cancer of the prostate by irradiation at the Radiotherapeutic Ward of the Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Oncology in the years 1976 to 1981. The five-year period of survival was attained in 45% of patients with a localized tumorous disease. Causes of unsuccessful therapy are analyzed and complications of the therapy evaluated, the latter being mostly early postirradiation reactions. Possibilities of improving the results of treatment in optimizing the radiotherapy of localized prostatic cancer are outlined. (author)

[en] All radiotherapy photon beams are always contaminated with a part of secondary electrons which originate as a result of interactions in the source, the collimator system, filter carriers, shielding and the air through which the beam passes. The course of the buildup curve and surface dose which are significantly affected by these electrons were studied for several sources in dependence on the size of the radiation field, the source-detector distance and the angle of beam impingement. The relations found between the size of the surface dose and the course of buildup curves are in good agreement with theoretical considerations. The effect of the study on radiotherapy planning is discussed. (author). 9 refs. 1 tab., 17 refs

[en] In 28 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (insulin-independent), computerized tomography (CT) was used to determine the density of the pancreas and the kidneys, densities of the liver, spleen and blood in the abdominal aorta, and to investigate pathological changes in the tissues mentioned above. The results were correlated with laboratory findings. The following changes were found: decreased density of the pancreas (29.4 H) and the liver (49.1 H) and increased density of the spleen (56.3 H) and blood in the abdominal aorta (43.7 H). The decreased density of the pancreas appears to be connected with disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. The decreased liver density was related to increased energy intake by food and to overweight evaluated by Broc's index. Other CT findings in the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics (changes in the size of the pancreas, and kidneys, kidney cysts, nephrolithiasis, sclerotic plaques on aorta) were not significant. (author). 2 tabs., 11 refs

[en] A device is described for evaluation of the lyoluminescence signal. It consists of a lightproof head in which are fitted a photomultiplier, a lyoluminescent dosemeter in a glass measuring cell, and a mechanical device for mixing the lyoluminescent substance and the solvent. The output current of the photomultiplier is integrated by an integrator which consists of a power supply, a counter, a testing instrument, a current-to-voltage converter and an amplifier. (M.D.)

[en] A renovertebral index is proposed for the evaluation of kidney size from routine examinations of the abdomen by computerized tomography, which expresses the ratio between the anteroposterior diameter of the kidney and the transverse diameter of the body of vertebra L 2. Normal values of the renovertebral index vary from 0.9 to 1.2 (x-bar = 1.0864, ssub(x) = 0.1115). (author)

[en] An analysis is reported of delayed postirradiation changes, based on long-term repeated investigations of a large number of children irradiated for tumors at the Oncological Clinic in Prague (Bek, V., Abrahamova, J.: Cs. Radiol., 41, 1987, No. 1, p. 3-13). As for somatic effects of irradiation, attention is paid in particular to the sequelae of irradiation on the skin, mammary gland in girls, growth cartilages and bone, central nervous system and skeletal muscles. The long-term follow-up of irradiated patients covers the era of orthovoltage as well as megavoltage radiotherapy. The results of the investigation revealed that even after high energy irradiation certain postirradiation changes developed in the irradiated parts of the skeleton. Genetic and oncogenic effects of radiation are also considered. Permanent delayed postirradiation changes revealed in treated patients can be considered to be an acceptable price for successful management of a malignant disease. (author). 3 tabs., 4 figs., 15 refs