[en] Physicochemical description of mechanisms of treatment of segregated sodium-borosilicate glasses having a two-frame structure in acid solutions is given. It is shown that when there is no delay (of sodium and boron) in the porous layer its growth kinetics is well described by the equation of substance extraction kinetics from a small-diameter capillary

[en] The effect of bi- and trivalent iron ions on the process of color center formation in phosphate glasses under gamma radiation is investigated. It is shown that gamma irradiation of CaO-P₂O₅:Fe²⁺ glasses with the concentration of Fe₂O₃ less than 0.1 mol.% results in the formation of Fe_rad³⁺ hole centres and intrinsic centres of electron and hole nature. As the initial content of Fe²⁺ ions in glass increases under gamma irradiation, the concentration of Fe_rad³⁺ centres rgows and the formation of intrinsic color hole centres is inhibited. Trivalent iron ions are not electron acceptors in phosphate glasses and do not affect the formation of intrinsic color centres in these glasses under gamma radiation

[en] By the methods of X-ray phase and X-ray microspectral analyses crystal phases formed in the melts of certain typical fluorozirconate glasses (ZBLA, ZBLAN, ZBLAYL), allowed to stand in the temperature range Tl-T_x for a relatively long period of time, were studied. It is ascertained that in supercooled melts at the temperature considerably exceeding the derivatorgaphic point of cryatsllization initiation and growth of AlF₃ and LaF₃ 2ZrF₄xLaF₃; 2ZrF₄x3BaF₂x2AlF₃ crystals occur. In the range of lower temperatures besides the main crystal phases -β-BaZrF₆ and β-BaZr₂F₁₀ - previously unknown ones were detected. Their roentgenographic data are given. The influence of oxygen impurity in gaseous medium on crystallization character is assessed

[en] The absorption spectra of intrinsic color centers (CC) in sodium-silicate glasses in the 2-3 eV range have been investigated. The glasses of 22Na₂O, 3CaO, 75SiO₂ composition with variable content of iron from 5x10^-5 to 3.5x10^-2 mas.% have been studied. CC in glasses are formed as a result of UV effect or γ-radiation (dose rates - 10⁵-10⁸ R) at room temperature. The absorption band with maximum of 2.4 eV is detected in the absorption spectra occurring in sodium-silicate glasses under ionizing radiation. This band belongs intrinsic hole color centers of a new type. Detection of its spectrometric parameters permirs essentially to refine the parameters of the early known bands with maxima from 2.0 to 2.8 eV region. The position of band maxima forming absorption spectra of color centers in the region from 2 to 3 eV and their half-widths constitute 2.0, 2.4, 2.85 and 0.40, 0.45, 0.7 eV correspondingly. The error of description of the absorption spectra of color centers in the region from 2 to 3 eV by the Gauss contour with the given parameters doesn't exceed measurement errors (∼1%)

[en] The spectra of characteristic losses of energy (CLE) for the case of electron reflection from the surface of leadsilicate glasses of the composition xPbOx(1-x)SiO₂, depending on molar concentration of lead oxide x, has been calculated for the first time. It is shown that the given model of glass energy structure permits to describe correctly general behaviour of CLE spectrum. However, the energy of plasma maximum measured experimentally remains approximately constant. The behaviour can be conditioned by ω₀ dependence on x[4], which has not been taken into account, and (or) by a slower change in ΔE, than it has been assumed. Further refining of theory and experiment is required to solve the problem

[en] The results of studying the radiation processes taking place in activated alkali silicate glasses under conditions of UV- and gamma-radiation are analyzed. The features of the above processes in activated glasses as compared with nonactivated are found and generalized. It is shown that the answers to a number of the main problems of radiation physics of silicate glasses - the most widely spread class of optic materials - were obtained when introducing variable valence activators easily changing its valent form under the effect of radiation and serving as electron donors or acceptors during this switching, into glass

[en] The bands of Mn²⁺⁽²⁾centre charge transfer in irradiated alumophosphate glasses are studied. Isothermal and nonisothermal annealings have shown that these bands are in the regions of 49000 and 35000 cm^-1.The effect of photostimulated hole transfer from Mn²⁺⁽⁺⁾ centres on PO₄^2- centres is found which can prove the mobility of holes in the glass considered at room temperature

[en] The phase diagram of the SrO-P₂O₅ system in the P₂O₅ interval from 30 to 80 mol % is refined; glass crystallization capability is studied, the liquidus curve is constructed, the primary crystalline phases are identified; their crystal optical characteristics are established; dependence of glass refractive indices on the composition is found; the degree of glass formation is outlined

[en] Thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) of a wide class of metallic glasses made as foils using frequent disk hardening are experimentally investigated. Grueneisen constants are determined. For a number of investigated Fe, Fe-Ni and Co base alloys it is experimentally stated that TECs in the -140...+200 deg C temperature range in a glass-like state are at least by 10% higher than in crystalline one

[en] Microhardness of glasses of R₂O-B₂O-SiO₂ (R=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Li+Cs) systems is determined on PMT-3 device. The most fully considered is ternary sodium system, where 141 multisilicon glasses, lying in 25 sections with constant content of each components or constants ratio between them, are studied. Data on microbrittleness of glasses with SiO₂/Na₂O=4 are obtained