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[en] The present status of various imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, gallium scan and leukocyte scintigraphy is discussed with respect to performance, health risk and economics. Attention is focused on leukocyte scintigraphy and gallium imaging diagnostic approach, utilizing a sensitive whole body imaging for the detection of acute inflammatory processes. 10 refs
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[en] The role of hepatobiliary isotopic scanning after liver transplantation was assessed in the first 12 adult patients in the Pilot National Liver Transplantation Programme who underwent this procedure at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Iminodiacetic-acid derivative (HIDA) studies were useful in the non-invasive assessment of hepatic function and biliary excretion. The following four clinical situations were assessed by hepatobiliary scans : early graft function; rejection episodes; vascular complications; and biliary-tract problems. Nuclear medicine has an important and valuable role in the postoperative monitoring of patients after liver transplantation. The studies are non-invasive and can be performed readily at the bedside in the intensive care unit
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[en] While leakage of cerebrospinal fluid is an intermittent and usually short-lived phenomenon, it may be fatal. The difficulty of making this diagnosis has led to the adoption of many diagnostic procedures. Fifteen patients have been studied by radionuclide cisternography with the concomitant use of nasal pledgets. Six of the studies showed cerebrospinal fluid leakage; the sensitivity of the technique was 100%. The site of leakage was confirmed surgically in three of the patients. No other technique offers comparable sensitivity with high patient acceptance and low morbidity
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AMINO ACIDS, BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS, BODY FLUIDS, CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, CHELATING AGENTS, DRUGS, HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI, ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES, ISOTOPES, MATERIALS, MEDICINE, NUCLEI, ODD-EVEN NUCLEI, ORGANIC ACIDS, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, RADIOISOTOPES, RADIOPROTECTIVE SUBSTANCES, RESPONSE MODIFYING FACTORS, TECHNETIUM ISOTOPES, YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
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[en] Letter to the Editor
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[en] Letter to the Editor
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[en] Forty-two patients with clinically-definite multiple sclerosis were examined by magnetic resonance imaging using a 1.5-T instrument. Magnetic resonance imaging detected an abnormality in 90% of patients. In four patients, no lesions were demonstrated. The number, size and site of the lesions by magnetic resonance imaging were compared with the patients' clinical status and other variables. The Kurtzke disability status scale score increased in patients with corpus callosum atrophy, brainstem and basal ganglia lesions, and correlated with the total number of lesions. No correlation was shown between the findings of magnetic resonance imaging and disease duration, age, sex or pattern-reversal visual-evoked potentials. The variety of magnetic resonance images that could be obtained in patients with clinically-definite multiple sclerosis is highlighted. 24 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab
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[en] An assessment is made of the clinical benefits of expensive diagnostic technology, such as the magnetic resonance imaging. It is concluded that to most radiologists, magnetic resonance imaging has a definite place in the diagnostic scenario, especially for demonstrating central nervous system lesions in multiple sclerosis. While it is recognized that medical and financial resources are limited, it is emphasised that the cost to society must be balanced against the patient benefit. 17 refs
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[en] The use of magnetic resonance imaging, in the demonstration of internal human anatomy and in the diagnosis of disease, has the major advantages that the technique is non-invasive, does not require the use of ionizing radiation and that it can demonstrate neurological and cardiovascular lesions that cannot be diagnosed easily by other imaging methods. The first magnetic resonance images of humans were obtained in Australia in October 1985 on the research instrument of the Queensland Medical Magnetic Resonance Research Centre, which is based at the Mater Hospital in Brisbane
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[en] Neutron capture therapy is a two-stage technique based on the specific targeting of cancer cells for radiotherapy. A non-toxic boron compound with physiological selectivity or affinity for cancer cells is taken up by the tumour, and the boron is then activated by an incident neutron beam. Use of the epithermal beam permits the therapeutic gain to be optimised because the dose can be split into fractions, as is the case with conventional radiotherapy, to minimise effects on normal tissue. It was recently demonstrated that local control of melanoma xenografts in nude mice can be achieved by the application of a neutron field after systemic injection of BPA. Efforts are under way to design a neutron capture therapy facility at the High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR), the 10 MW reactor at the Lucas Heights Research Laboratories outside Sydney. Patients would attend by referral on an outpatient basis. 18 refs., 1 tab., 1 fig
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[en] Diagnosis, while central to scientific medicine, is nevertheless secondary to treatment, the real purpose of medical care. A brief summary of the extensive literature about the use and misuse of radiological tests is presented. Among the factors involved in the recent increases in diagnostic tests, briefly presented in this article, are the presence of the new modalities themselves, advances in understanding and treatment of diseases, an ageing population, medico-legal concerns, self referral and medical consumerism. 32 refs
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