[en] A single irradiation with a large electron dose was preoperatively performed in 13 patients with the breast cancer. Pertinent voltages from 6 to 20 MeV betatron electron were choiced in accordance with tumor sizes. The radioresponse in primary and metastatic lesions was grossly and histologically examined. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Preoperative radioeffects on primary lesions were relatively remarkable in 4 of 12 cases (33%). 2. The abscopal effect on metastatic lymph nodes was observed in 4 of 10 cases (40%). Three of these 4 cases revealed typical scirrhous carcinoma. In 2 cases among these 4 cases, macroscopic abscopal effects were associated with microscopic ones. 3. There was an intimate relationship between radioeffects on primary lesions and the abscopal effects. Cases with well radioresponse in the primary tumor frequently manifested abscopal effects. 4. In 2 cases of scirrhous carcinoma, lymphocytic infiltration into tumor nests was obvious, even after irradiation. 5. In tests for cellular immunity, lymphocyte numbers in peripheral blood and absolute numbers of T-cells slightly decreased after irradiation. However, blastoid formation rates of lymphocytes induced by PHA in vitro temporally enhanced after the procedure. With 3 kinds of skin tests, enhancement of the response was confirmed. Based on these results, it is reasonable to presume that a single irradiation with a large electron dose for the treatment of advanced breast cancer may inhibit the depression of immune reaction in hosts. And positive abscopal effect might be an index to estimate prognosis. (author)

[en] The radiosensitizing effect of misonidazole, an electron affinic nitroimidazole, and BSO (DL-buthionine-S, R-sulfoximine), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, was tested alone, or in combination. The yield of single-strand DNA breaks in hypoxically exposed cells, expressing mainly the end-effect of radiochemical processes, was used as the measure of sensitivity. At equimolar concentrations, misonidazole appeared to have a greater sensitizing action than BSO. When used in combination, the effect of the two substances was additive. The data were interpreted to support the concept of a competition mechanism, misonidazole fixing radiation damaged, key target molecules in a competition with cellular glutathione which may repair radical lesions. The results indicate that misonidazole, in a combination with BSO, can sensitize hypoxic tumor cells efficiently even at low concentrations. In the clinics, such a combined treatment would permit a practice to circumvent the limitations posed by the neurotoxicity of misonidazole. (author)

[en] Thirty patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with radiotherapy in Gunma University Hospital during a period of 1971--1976. One of the patients was classified as stage A, 6 as stage B, 14 as stage C and 9 as stage D. Age of the patients ranged from 55 to 78 years with average of 69.7 years. Irradiation was performed with Linac 10 MV Xray in 4 directions-at 45⁰ divergence on the right and left of median line of cancer and in their opposite directions. Fraction dose was 3 Gy, which was administered three times a week, i. e., each other day, the total dose attaining 69 Gy (TDF 130). Twenty-eight patients concurrently received hormone therapy or chemotherapy. Local control was satisfactory. No obvious local recurrence was recognized and 86% of the patients could urinate naturally. Four patients, in whom the urinary tract was altered, all showed advanced urinary retention. The relative 5 years survival rate was 52% for 30 patients and 60% in stage C. Long-term survival could be expected if local control was possible. Chronic side effect of radiotherapy was recognized only in two patients, who showed rectal hemorrhage, which was, however, controlled by conservative treatment. (author)

[en] In this study, we report a clinical application of a rapid flow-cytometric immunofluorescence method for studying OKIa 1⁺-lymphocytes in whole blood by using monoclonal antibody OKIa 1. Changes in the relative percentages and absolute counts of OKIa 1⁺-lymphocytes during radiotherapy of cancer patients were evaluated by this method. Two hundred samples from 69 cases were examined. The relative percentages of OKIa 1⁺-lymphocytes were slightly elevated during radiotherapy, but absolute counts of OKIa 1⁺-lymphocytes were remarkably decreased at the doses of 4,000 rad and 6,000 rad. Five of 7 patients who showed high percentages of OKIa 1⁺-lymphocytes constantly had poor response to therapy. In the NC.PD group, the relative percentages of OKIa 1⁺-lymphocytes were gradually increased during radiotherapy. In a study of 178 samples, the correlation coefficient between the absolute lymphocyte count and the OKIa 1⁺-lymphocyte count was 0.5951. In a study of 32 samples, that between the OKIa 1⁺-lymphocyte ratio and the B-lymphocyte ratio was 0.2316. (author)

[en] This investigation is to study gonad dose measurement for the ₆₀Co ν-ray treatments of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with the aid of two Rando phantoms in both sexes. The energy of scattered radiation in space and in tissue was investigated by means of half-value layers with thermoluminescent dosimeters. Other related factors such as field size, SSD, orientation of primary beams were also investigated. For the non-metastases case, the gonad dose for male is 1.6 -- 2.2 rads, and that for female is 3.0 -- 4.2 rads. For the metastases case, the gonad doses for both sexes are about two times more. (author)

[en] The present study revealed that irradiation-induced changes of repopulation and redistribution played an important role in radiosensitivity and cure process of human uterine cervical carcinoma. DNA measurements by a microspectrophotometer were made on Feulgen stained biopsy specimens obtained from 20 patients. On the other hand, flow-microfluorometric measurements with Fried's computed cell cycle analysis were made on transplanted human cervical carcinomas. The mean nuclear DNA amount of human cervical carcinoma cells increased according as the irradiation doses increase until 2,000 rad. Moreover, as regards with the mean nuclear diameter of cancer cells the same phenomenon was recognized, and there was an interrelation between the increase of mean nuclear DNA amount and that of mean nuclear diameter. This phenomenon was proved in nuclear DNA analysis by flow-microfluorometric measurements on transplanted human cervical carcinoma in nude mice. Computed cell cycle analysis of F.M.F. data demonstrated that this phenomenon was due to irradiation-induced changes of repopulation and redistribution. That is to say, irradiation induces the increase of cycling cells and then partial synchronization to G2-M stage. Examination of the interrelation between this phenomenon at 500 rad and 5 years survival rate demonstrated that there was more increase of nuclear DNA amount in the good prognosis group than in the poor prognosis group. Estimation of residual cells near the G1 stage at 2,000 rad demonstrated that there were more residual cells near the G1 stage in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group. (author)

[en] Between 1975 and 1979, 209 cases of primary lung cancer admitted the department of radiology were treated with radiation combined with chemotherapy. The clinical effect of concomitant use of non-specific immunopotentiator OK-432 and PSK was studied about stage 3, and stage 4. Survival curves were evaluated between the patients with OK-432 and/or PSK and those without immunotherapy. In 91 cases in stage 3, fifty percent survival period was found to be 12.2 months for 27 cases with OK-432, 14.4 months for 12 cases with combined use of OK-432 and PSK, 9.0 months for 24 cases with PSK, and 7.5 months for 28 cases without immunotherapy, respectively. Noticeable prolongation of fifty percent survival period was observed in the cases with combined use of OK-432 and PSK, OK-432, and PSK, inorder, as compared with those without immunotherapy. One-year survival rate was 51.9% for cases with OK-432, 66.7% with combined use OK-432 and PSK, 34.8% with PSK, and 25.0% without immunotherapy, respectively. In 81 cases in stage 4, fifty percent survival period was found to be 7.0 months for 24 cases with OK-432, 5.0 months for 8 cases with combined use of OK-432 and PSK, 7.6 months for 13 cases with PSK, and 3.3 months for 36 cases without immunotherapy, respectively. One-year survival rate was 16.7% for cases with OK-432, 25.0% with combined use of OK-432 and PSK, 15.4% with PSK and 5.6% without immunotherapy, respectively. (J.P.N.)

[en] We have already reported the remarkable effect of the active specific immunotherapy utilizing cryopreserved tumor cells and infiltrating mononuclear cells prepared from a low-dose irradiated tumor tissue after cytoreductive radiotherapy. In the present study, the effect of a biological response modifier, OK-432 combined with this active specific immunotherapy was investigated. Twelve-week-aged female C3H/He mice transplanted with MM46 tumor cells were received local radiotherapy with the dose of 3,000 rads by high energy electron beam on the sixth day after inoculation. This active specific immunotherapy was performed on the thirteenth day, and daily dose of 1.0 KE of OK-432 was injected intraperitoneally from the thirteenth day to the seventeenth day. The inhibition of the tumor growth was observed in the group which received this active specific immunotherapy combined with a biological response modifier, OK-432 compared with that received this active specific immunotherapy alone. (author)

[en] In this study, we report a clinical application of a rapid flow-cytometric immunofluorescence method for studying OKT11⁺-lymphocytes in whole blood by using monoclonal antibody OKT11. Changes in the relative percentages and absolute counts of OKT11⁺-lymphocytes during radiotherapy of cancer patients were evaluated by this method. In a study of 151 samples from 58 cases, the elevation of OKT11⁺-lymphocyte level (>=90%) was observed in 38 samples from 21 patients. Many cases of these responded well to radiotherapy. In contrast, the depression of OKT11⁺-lymphocyte level (<=70%) was observed in patients with poor response. The relative percentages of OKT11⁺-lymphocytes were consistent during radiotherapy, but absolute counts of OKT11⁺-lymphocytes were remarkably decreased during radiotherapy. In a study of 40 samples, the correlation coefficient between the manual E-rosette count and the flow immunofluorescence measurement was 0.8914. In a study of 132 samples, that between the absolute lymphocyte count and the OKT11⁺-lymphocyte count was 0.9673. (author)

[en] In this study, we report a clinical application of a rapid flow-cytometric immuno-fluorescence method for studying OKT6⁺-lymphocytes in whole blood by using monoclonal antibody OKT6. Changes in the relative percentages and absolute counts of OKT6⁺-lymphocytes during radiotherapy of cancer patients were evaluated by this method. In a study of 112 samples from 47 cases, the elevation of OKT6⁺-lymphocyte level was observed in 10 samples from 9 patients with primary lung cancer or uterine cancer. About 18 cases with lung cancer, the elevation of OKT6⁺-lymphocyte level was observed in 7 patients. And 5 of these 7 patients did not so respond to radiation therapy. In contrast, the continuous low level of OKT6⁺-lymphocyte was observed in patients with good response. OKT6⁺-lymphocyte level could be a valuable parameter for evaluating alterations of immune responses in cancer patients during radiotherapy. (author)