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Revue du Praticien; ISSN 0035-2640; 
; v. 28(45); p. 3520
; v. 28(45); p. 3520
[en] The radioactivity was discovered last century. In medicine,this one allowed the radiotherapy progresses with radium. The nuclear energy may satisfy the worldwide needs thanks to the uranium ores. The very serious Chernobyl accident increased very slightly, the population irradiation
Journal
[en] Nuclear magnetic resonance is a new procedure which uses the possibility of making atomic nuclei oscillate in magnetic field. Whereas the scanner gives an attenuation image of the X-ray beam at each point. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance excites the protons in the chosen plane and picks up a return signal in an equilibrium state. The intensity of this signal essentially depends on four factors: proton concentration; spin network, relaxation time T1 which expresses the nucleus mobility in the medium; T2 time or ''spin spin'' relaxation time, which expresses the return of the perturbed protonic field to its initial value; finally the excited atoms flux. Thus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance supplies two types of information: morphological information, already superior in quality to CT scan images for the brain; information on the chemical composition of tissues. But although its sensitivity in detecting smaller lesions appears already greater than that of the CT scan, the first animal studies show that images still lack specificity. The problems of differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumoral growths, vascular and inflammatory process are therefore apparently not yet definitively solved
[fr]
La resonance magnetique nucleaire est une methode nouvelle qui utilise la possibilite de faire osciller des noyaux atomiques dans un champ magnetique. Alors que le scanner donne une image d'attenuation du faisceau de rayons X en chaque point, la resonance magnetique nucleaire excite les protons du plan choisi et recueille un signal de retour a l'etat d'equilibre. L'intensite de ce signal depend essentiellement de quatre facteurs: la concentration en protons; le temps T1 de relaxation ''spin reseau'' qui traduit la mobilite du noyau dans le milieu; le temps T2 ou temps de relaxation ''spin'' qui exprime le retour a sa valeur initiale du champ protonique perturbe; enfin le flux des atomes excites. Ainsi la resonance magnetique nucleaire apporte deux types d'informations: des renseignements morphologiques dont la qualite est deja superieure a celle de la tomodensitometrie au niveau du cerveau; des renseignements sur la composition chimique des tissus. Mais alors que la sensibilite a detecter des petites lesions apparait deja superieure a celle de la tomodensitometrie, les premiers resultats des etudes effectuees montrent que les images manquent encore de specificite. En consequence, les problemes de diagnostic differentiel entre processus tumoraux benins et malins, vasculaires, inflammatoires ne semblent pas definitivement resolusJournal
Revue du Praticien; ISSN 0035-2640; ; v. 34(5); p. 199-210
; v. 34(5); p. 199-210
[en] CT scanning has become of the main methods of investigating cranio-cerebral pathology. Technological advances have improved the quality of the images and shortened the time of investigation. This atraumatic method determines the diagnosis, management and sometimes the treatment of conditions such as cerebrovascular accidents, tumours, trauma, infection, degenerative disease. High resolution scans have transformed the diagnosis of hypophyseal, orbital and ENT diseases
[fr]
Le scanner a pris une place preponderante en pathologie cranio-cerebrale. Grace aux progres technologiques, les examens ont gagne en temps et en qualite. Le diagnostic, la conduite a tenir, et parfois le traitement d'affections telles que les accidents vasculaires cerebraux, les tumeurs, les traumatismes, les infections, les maladies degeneratives, ont ete influences par cette methode atraumatique. Les scanners a haute resolution ont transforme le diagnostic des affections hypophysaires, orbitaires et ORLJournal
Revue du Praticien; ISSN 0035-2640; ; v. 34(5); p. 227-235
; v. 34(5); p. 227-235
[en] The ever increasing use of high energy radiation, especially in abdomino-pelvic cancerology has led to a greater awareness of the relative frequency of complications, in particular the late ones, which they provoke. Their severity is due to the inescapably active course of the lesions, which entails a high mortality and morbidity. Considering the course, neither curative nor palliative treatments appear satisfactory. The main guideliness of such treatment should be to maintain a correct nutritional condition, a sufficient abdominal confort and to be extremely reserved as to surgical indications
[fr]
L'utilisation croissante des radiations a haute energie, surtout en cancerologie abdomino-pelvienne, a conduit a prendre conscience de la relative frequence des complications, particulierement des complications tardives, qu'elles determinent. La gravite tient a l'evolutivite ineluctable des lesions creees qui aboutissent a une morbidite et a une mortalite considerables. En regard d'une telle evolution, ni les traitements a pretention curative ni les traitements a visee palliative n'apparaissent satisfaisants. Le maintien d'un etat nutritionnel correct, d'un confort abdominal suffisant, une reserve extreme dans les indications chirurgicales doivent etre les principes directeurs de ce traitementJournal
Revue du Praticien; ISSN 0035-2640; ; v. 31(1); p. 45-53
; v. 31(1); p. 45-53
[en] Every single person is exposed to natural (7 rads) or artificail (7.25 rads) irradiation throughout life. To which must be added, for many, irradiation from radiological examinations, which may cause malformations, genetic defects or cancer. The management of irradiated pregnant women depends on the dose received and on the age of pregnancy and requires, when the patient is seen, close co-operation between genetician, radiologist and gynaecologist. A radiological examination may be irreplaceable for diagnostic purposes, but the benefits to be expected from it should not lead to problems, particularly human problems, that are extremely difficult to solve. Non-urgent X-ray examinations should be performed outside pregnancy
[fr]
Tout individu est expose a l'irradiation naturelle (7 rads) et artificielle (7,25 rads) durant toute son existence. A celle-ci vient se surajouter l'irradiation des examens radiologiques, dont les effets peuvent etre malformatifs, genetiques, carcinogenes. La conduite a tenir va dependre de la dose recue, de l'age de la grossesse et du moment ou la patiente est vue et de la confrontation entre geneticien, radiologue et gynecologue. Si l'examen radiologique est irremplacable pour le diagnostic, le benefice a en attendre ne doit pas conduire a des situations difficiles a resoudre, notamment sur le plan humain. La pratique de radiographies non urgentes doit se faire en dehors de la grossesseJournal
Revue du Praticien; ISSN 0035-2640; ; v. 35(23); p. 1395-1400
; v. 35(23); p. 1395-1400
[en] Radio-isotopes can play an important part in non invasive evaluation of the cardio-vascular system. Thallium 201 myocardial scintiscan associated to exercise ECG is an excellent examination in the evaluation of coronary insufficiency. Labelled Albumin angioscintiscan studies ventricular function and certain congenital heart diseases without any danger to the patient
[fr]
Les radio-isotopes peuvent occuper une place importante dans l'evaluation atraumatique du systeme cardio-vasculaire. La scintigraphie myocardique au thallium 201 realisee conjointement a l'electrocardiogramme d'effort est un excellent examen dans l'appreciation d'une insuffisance coronaire. L'angioscintigraphie a l'albumine marquee etudie sans danger la fonction ventriculaire et certaines cardiopathies congenitalesJournal
Revue du Praticien; ISSN 0035-2640; ; v. 29(53); p. 4129-4137
; v. 29(53); p. 4129-4137
[en] In the domain of the use of ionising radiation for medical purposes and in the nuclear industry, the protection of man and his environment is primordial. Such protection is defined in European Community countries by the Directives of the EURATOM Council, applied as national law. In France, the ''Office de protection contre les rayonnements ionisants'' oversees the application of laws and rules relating to protection from radiation and determines the inspections and analyses required to ensure the protection of the population against ionising radiation. (author). 4 refs., 1 tab., 1 fig
Journal
[en] Bone scintigraphy in patients with primary bone cancers or metastases of other cancers is invaluable as a means of early detection and subsequent follow-up. The technique, which is becoming generalized involves the use of a 99m Tc-labelled phosphorated product and a digital image processing system. The method is constantly improving as new tumorotropic and osteotropic molecules are developed. These various aspects of bone scintigraphy (products used, apparatus, indications) are described briefly
[fr]
La scintigraphie osseuse chez les malades porteurs de cancers osseux primitifs ou de metastases de cancers non osseux, fournit un apport de premiere importance par son aptitude a detecter precocement et a rendre compte de l'evolution. La technique qui tend actuellement a se generaliser consiste a utiliser un produit phosphore marque au 99 m Tc, et un systeme de traitement numerique de l'image. C'est une methode en permanente evolution, appelee a progresser par la mise au point de nouvelles molecules tumorotropes et osteotropes. Ces differents aspects de la scintigraphie osseuse (produits utilises, appareillage, indications) sont brievement decritsJournal
Revue du Praticien; ISSN 0035-2640; ; v. 30(24); p. 1575-1579
; v. 30(24); p. 1575-1579
[en] Shortly after the X-ray discovery, H. Becquerel discovered the ''uranic rays'' emitted by the element uranium. M. Curie observed that the minerals including uranium were more radioactive than the uranium they contained; she inferred the presence, as traces, of yet unknown radioactive elements. A few months later, P. and M. Curie discovered polonium and radium. The radium ray ''physiologic action'' was observed for the first time in 1900. E. Rutherford and F. Soddy showed in 1902 that radioactivity was the spontaneous transmutation of one chemical element in another. The atomic nucleus and nuclear reaction discovery, led F. and I. Joliot-Curie to discover, in 1934, artificial radioactivity. 5 refs., 4 photos
Journal
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