No abstract available

[en] The photoelectric U, B, V observations of the central region of M81 made in 166 fields at distances of 54-351 arcsec from the center are used to explain the structure of the central condensation of the galaxy. The surface-brightness isophotes can be fit by ellipses varying in axial ratio from 0.9 to 0.6 and in position angle from 70 to 45 deg. The central condensation may include a bar in the form of a triaxial ellipsoid the nucleus occupies an asymmetric position in this condensation, shifted by 22 arcsec northwest relative to the most distant U isophote at a 368 arcsec. The apparent eccentricity with respect to the outlying isophotes is caused by distribution of dust, as shown by the colorimetric B - V, U - B color-index profiles reflecting the dust in the central condensation of M31

[en] The variation of the elements of cometary orbits (a, q, e) during the passage of the comets through the gas-dust trail located near the semiaxis of the antiapex of the peculiar motion of the sun is discussed. It is shown that the semimajor axis and the perihelion distance of the orbits decrease the eccentricity can either decrease or increase

[en] On the basis of an analysis of a catalog of flares of cometary brightness, evidence is given for their connection with solar corpuscular radiation. It is shown that cometary flare activity depends on the phase of the 11-year solar activity cycle: the maxima correspond to periods of rise and fall. Active phenomena in comets correlate not only with the appearance of high-velocity streams of solar plasma but also with many geophysical phenomena generated as a result of the action of the solar plasma on the earth's magnetosphere and atmosphere

[en] The joint evolution of a neutron and a normal star in a close massive binary is calculated in the report for the first time. The physical characteristics of the various classes of massive binary systems containing neutron stars and their abundance in the Galaxy are determined by the method of numerical modeling. The total number of types of systems which can be observed proved to be approx.20. Since only one type of system (an x-ray pulsar paired with a supergiant) is observed and reliably identified at present, possible candidates for other classes of systems are discussed

[en] Rich clusters of galaxies from the Abell catalog with distance class D< or =3 have been observed at 102.5 MHz with the Pushchino phased antenna array of the Lebedev Physics Institute. The data obtained are used to estimate the radio luminosities and spectral indices of the clusters. The 102.5-MHz luminosity function of clusters of galaxies is derived for the range 10²⁵< L/sub r/<10²⁷ W/Hz. Comparison with optical and x-ray data indicates correlations of the radio parameters (luminosity, spectral index) with the richness, morphological type, and x-ray luminosity of the clusters. The statistical relations that are found can be explained qualitatively by the influence of the hot intracluster gas on the evolution of active member radio galaxies

[en] It is shown that the existence of oppositely charged dust grains is possible in a protostellar cloud in different periods of its contraction. When fast (nonthermal) electrons are present in the cloud these grains coagulate rapidly, forming solid particles much larger than the average size characteristic of the interstellar medium and having a heterogeneous chemical composition

[en] Proper motions determined by the authors are utilized to study the kinematics of 79 O-type stars at distance r< or =2.5 kpc. The sample is divided into two groups, having space-velocity dispersions tau/sub I/roughly-equal10 km/sec, sigma/sub II/roughly-equal35 km/sec. Solutions for the velocity-field parameters for group I yield a galactic angular rotation speed ω₀ = 24.9 km sec^-1 kpc^-1 at the sun (for R₀ = 10.0 kpc) and an Oort constant A = 12.2 km sec^-1 kpc^-1. Most of the O stars exhibit a small z-velocity directed away from the galactic plane. The velocity-ellipsoid parameters and box-orbit elements are calculated

[en] It is shown that pulsars which have ceased to generate electron-positron pairs (switched-off radio pulsars) can be sources of x-ray and gamma-ray emission. The magnetic dipole emission of these rotating neutron stars is transformed in the region of the ''light radius'' into hard radiation on the plasma formed by ionization of neutral interstellar hydrogen

[en] The decay of young, nonstationary star clusters through an ''impulsive'' loss of gas is investigated. Stars with high velocities and positive energies will be the first to leave the cluster. However, the cluster will not break up completely