[en] In general, the coal gasification has to be operated under high temperature (1300~1400 .deg. C) and pressure (30~40 bar). However, to keep this conditions, it needs unnecessary and excessive energy. In this work, to reduce the temperature of process, alkali catalysts such as K_2CO_3 and Na_2CO_3 were added into Cyprus coal. We investigated the kinetic of Cyprus char-CO_2 gasification. To determine the gasification conditions, the coal (with and without catalysts) gasified with fixed variables (catalyst loading, catalytic effects of Na_2CO_3 and K_2CO_3, temperatures) by using TGA. When catalysts are added by physical mixing method into Cyprus coal the reaction rate of coal added 7 wt% Na_2CO_3 is faster than raw coal for Cyprus char-CO_2 gasification. The activation energy of coal added 7 wt% Na_2CO_3 was calculated as 63 kJ/mol which was lower than raw char. It indicates that Na_2CO_3 can improve the reactivity of char-CO_2 gasification.

[en] TiO_2-SnO_2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 3-5 nm were synthesized by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and tin chloride to depress the photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 nanoparticles. Organic-inorganic hybrid coating solutions were prepared by reacting the TiO_2-SnO_2 nanoparticles with 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) by the sol-gel method. The hard coating films with high refractive index were obtained by curing thermally at 120 .deg. C after spin-coating the coating solutions on the polycarbonate (PC) sheets. The coating films from TiO_2- SnO_2 nanoparticles showed an improved pencil hardness of 3H compared to 2H of the coating films from TiO_2 nanoparticles. Besides, the refractive index of the coating films from TiO_2-SnO_2 nanoparticles enhanced from 1.543 to 1.623 at 633 nm as the Sn/Ti molar ratio increased from 0 to 0.5.

[en] This study aims to examine absorption characteristics of toluene, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethyl acetate (EA), and ternary-compounds, all of which are widely used in industrial processes, by means of four types of commercial activated carbon substances. It turned out that among the three types of volatile organic compounds, the breakthrough point of activated carbon and that of IPA, whose affinity was the lowest, were the lowest, and then that of EA and that of toluene in the order. With the breakthrough point of IPA, which was the shortest, as the standard, changes in the breakthrough points of unary-compounds, binary-compounds, and ternary-compounds were examined. As a result, it turned out that the larger the number of elements, the lower the breakthrough point. This resulted from competitive adsorption, that is, substitution of substances with a low level of affinity with those with a high level of affinity. Hence, the adsorption of toluene-IPA-EA and ternary-compounds require a design of the activated carbon bed based on the breakthrough of IPA, and in the design of activated carbon beds in actual industries as well, a substance whose level of affinity is the lowest needs to be the standard

[en] Hydrosilylation reactions of 2.4.6.8-tetrahydro-2.4.6.8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane with allyl butyrate catalyzed by Karstedt's, H2PtCl6 and Pt/C catalyst were studied and 2.4.6.8-tetra (propyl butyrate)-2.4.6.8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane was obtained. The reaction order, activation energies and rate constants were determined. Ringopening polymerization of 2.4.6.8-tetra (propyl butyrate)-2.4.6.8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane in the presence of CaF2, LiF, KF and anhydrous potassium hydroxide in 60-70 .deg. C temperature range was carried out and methylsiloxane oligomers with regular arrangement of propyl butyrate pendant groups were obtained. The synthesized products were studied by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The polysiloxanes were characterized by wide-angle X-ray, gel-permeation chromatography and DSC analyses. Via sol-gel processes of oligomers doped with lithium trifluoromethylsulfonate or lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, solid polymer electrolyte membranes were obtained. The dependences of ionic conductivity of obtained polyelectrolytes on temperature and salt concentration were investigated, and it was shown that electric conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membranes at room temperature changed in the range 3.5x10"-"4 - 6.4xa0"-"7 S/cm

[en] This paper investigates the feasibility of applying the jet loop reactor for the neutralization of alkaline wastewater using carbon dioxide (CO2). In this study, pH changes and CO2 removal characteristics were examined by changing influent flow rate of alkaline wastewater (initial pH=10.1) and influent CO2 flow rates. Influent flow rates of alkaline wastewater (QL,in) ranged between 0.9 and 6.6 L/min, and inlet gas flow rate (QG,in) of 1 and 6 L/min in a lab-scale continuous flow jet loop reactor. The outlet pH of wastewater was maintained at 7.2 when the ratio (QL,in/QG,in) of QL,in and QG,in was 1.1. However, the CO2 removal efficiency and the outlet pH of wastewater were increased when QL,in/QG,in ratio was higher than 1.1. Throughout the experiments, the maximum CO2 removal efficiency and the outlet pH of wastewater were 98.06% and 8.43 at the condition when QG,in and QL,in were 2 L/min and 4 L/min, respectively

[en] Porous Co(OH)_2 nano-flake thin films were prepared by a potential-controlled electro-deposition technique at various deposition voltage (−0.75, −1.0, −1.2, and −1.4 V) on Ti-mesh substrates for supercapacitor application. The potential of electrode was controlled to regulate the film thickness and the amount of Co(OH)_2 nano-flake on the titanium substrate. The film thickness was shown to reach the maximum value of 34 μm at −1.4 V of electrode potential, where 17.2 g of Co(OH)_2 was deposited on the substrate. The specific discharge capacitances were measured to be 226, 370, 720, and 1008 mF cm"-"2 in the 1st cycle corresponding to the films which were formed at −0.75, −1.0, −1.2, and −1.4 V of electrode potentials, respectively. Then the discharge capacities were decreased to be 206, 349, 586 and 866 mF/cm"2, where the persistency rates were 91, 94, 81, and 86%, respectively

[en] The usage of the correct combustion characteristic of the treated substance for the safety of the process is critical. For the safe handling of dimethylacetamide (DMAc) being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature (AIT) of DMAc was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of DMAc was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of DMAc by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured 61 .deg. C and 65 .deg. C, respectively. The flash points of DMAc by using the Tag and Cleveland automatic open cup testers are measured 68 .deg. C and 71 .deg. C. The AIT of DMAc by ASTM 659E tester was measured as 347 .deg. C. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point 61 .deg. C was calculated as 1.52 vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

[en] Graphene has a wide spectrum on its application field due to various and excellent physical properties. However, it is very difficult to apply that graphene exists as lump or fold condition in general organic solvents. Besides, graphene was difficult to maintain as uniform condition due to chemical inert and distributions with various size and shapes. Therefore, this study was focused to study dispersion and modifying methods of aggregated graphene. The dispersion methods contain as follow: i) physical milling using glass bead, ii) co-treatment of glass bead and ultrasonic waves, iii) dispersion in organic solvents, iv) modifying with dry-ice. Milling using glass bead with size 2.5 mm was effective to be size decrease of 36.4% in comparison with control group. Mixed treatment of glass bead (size 2.5 mm) and ultrasonic waves (225W, 10 min) showed relative size decrease of 76%, suggesting that the size decrease depends on the size of glass bead, intensity of ultrasonic waves and treatment time. Solvents of Ethyl acetate (EA) and Isoprophyl alcohol (IPA) were used in order to improve dispersion by modifying surface of graphene. IPA of them showed a favorable dispersion with more -CO functional groups in the FT-IR analysis. On the other hand, the oxygen content of graphene surface modified by dry-ice was highly increased from 0.8 to 4.9%. From the results, it was decided that the favorable dispersion state for a long time was obtained under the condition of -CO functional group increase in IPA solvent.

[en] Biologically stabilized gold nanoparticles were synthesized from the flower aqueous extract of T. divaricata. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Zeta sizer, FTIR and TEM analysis. T. divaricata reduced gold nanoparticles having particle size and potential of 106.532 nm and -10.2 mV, respectively, with a characteristic peak of 550 nm in UV-visible spectrophotometer. FTIR graph after comparison between the crude flower extract and gold nanoparticles showed three major shifts in the functional groups. The morphology and size of the gold nanoparticles were examined by HRTEM analysis, which showed that most of the nanoparticles were nearly spherical with size of 100 nm. The gold nanoparticles synthesized demonstrated potent anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell line. The findings conclude that the antioxidant molecule present in T. divaricata may be responsible for both reduction and capping of gold nanoparticles which possess potential applications in medicine and pharmaceutical fields

[en] The adsorption characteristics of ammonia on MSWI bottom ash were investigated. The effect of the variation of the landfill environmental parameters including pH, anions and organic matter on the adsorption process was discussed. Results showed that the adsorption could be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 156.2 mg/g. The optimum adsorption of ammonia was observed when the pH was 6.0. High level of ion and organic matter could restrict the adsorption to a low level. The above results suggested that MSWI bottom ash could affect the migration of ammonia in the landfill, which is related to the variation of the landfill circumstance.