[en] Experimental studies performed at the Ukranian Academic Institute of Physics are reviewed. The studies dealt with employing slow electron (10-100 eV) diffraction technique to investigate into phase transformations in submonolayer films on metal surfaces. W-, Mo-, Nb-, Re single crystals were used as substrates. Metals of different nature-alkalines alkaline-earths, rare earths were tested as films. The nature of two-dimensional phases formed by adsorbed particles has been studuied as well as transformation bewtween them. The effect of phase transformations in the adsorbed films on some of the surface properties of the metals has been determined

[en] Experimental investigations are revmewed on the applicability of nuclear reactions and characteristic X-ray radiation to the determination of elementary composition of environmental objects. Nuclear-physical methods for analysis of substances with the application of accelerated charged particle fluxes (such as a proton beam at 0.5 <= Esub(p) <= 3 MeV) meet the requmrements to environmental contamnnation monitoring. The method of characteristic X-ray radiation gives the opportunity of simultaneous detection and measurement of concentration from 20-30 elements in one object

[en] Studied are the structural changes in the process of low-cyclic loading of the Kh18N10T and Kh20N45N5B austenitic steels at different temperatures. The effect of these changes on mechanical properties of the steels, such as hardness, ductility, fatigue, microcracking etc., is studied, as well

[en] The explication axiomatics of the quantum theory is developed. The pinciples of operation with appropriate terms are strictly outlined. Strict operational determinations of the main terms, such as ''measuring instrument'', ''an ansemble'', ''a subensemble'', ''probability'', ''compieteness of description'' are presented. Four types of state symbols in the quantum theory are determined: the ''actually superpositional'', and ''potentially-superpositional'' vector, as well as ''actively mixed'' and ''potentially-mixed'' stat operators. It is established that only potentially superpositional vectors and potentially mixed stat operators give a full description of a physical system

[en] Analyzed are geological peculiarities of the saliferon formations of the Ukrainian-Dnepropetrovsk-Donetsk hollow, of the north-west Donas, Prikarpatija and Zakarpatian cavity to find out the suitable places for the burial of highly toxical and radioactive wastes. The solid and liquid wastes should be transformed to the pasty state before the burial with the further pumping into the underground cavities

[en] Effect of deformation ageing and saturation with hydrogen on the strength of steels St3, 45, U8A is studied. Ultimate strength and the limit of yield for steels, saturated with hydrogen, with the temperature growth from 40 deg C to 300 deg C changes to a higher degree than in steels unsaturated with hydrogen. The deformation of the investigated steels deteriorates their plasticity and changes the character of their macroscopic destruction. For the steels the optimum regime of ageing is recommended being as follows: heating up to 300 deg for 60 min

[en] The possibility of a cumulative effect of radiotherapy and antineoplastic drugs during their simultaneous application for treatment of patients with pulmonary cancer is investigated. The effect of such combined treatment was tested in 2000 patients with pulmonary cancer at the 3sup(rd)-4sup(th) stages. Results of different kinds of radio- and chemotherapies in 1200 inoperable cases evaluated with regard to two main criteria: the direct effect and the patient life-- time, are given. Single and total irradiation doses are given as well. Chemotherapy included a combination of telegamma therapy and one of the preparations - cytoxan, 5 fluorouracil or methotrexate. Analysis of the results showed a high effectiveness of chemotherapeutical treatment

[en] Results of research in providing NPP safety, reliability and operating economy are reviewed. The advancement of the technology and equipment for welding metal structures of RBMK-1000 reactors, the study of heat exchange intensification in RBMK-1000 channels, calculation-experimental analysis of NPP turbogenerator load characteristics, neutron-physical computer calculations of RBMK-1000 reactors are noted in the works being reviewed. The development of reactivity diagnostics means: reactivity meters, calorimetric energy release sensors and methods of error estimation in in-pile temperature measurements is considered. The effect of NPP radiation, thermal and salt contaminants on the environment is noted. The possibility to further develop the work in the main directions of nuclear power: reactor physics and thermal physics, radiation material testing, the technology of the development of principal equipment and NPP ecology is shown

[en] The relaxation time shift observed in tumours and other pathologic states in the normal body tissues-spleen, liver, muscles, blood serum is studied. The total time T₁ of the spin-lattice relaxation is determined as a function of all affecting factors. The tests are carried out on 120 laboratory rats (females and males) of different age. It is found that the nuclear magnetic relaxation time is, evidently, more sensitive to damages occurring in the body with tumours than some particular changes, e.g. in microelemental composition, antioxidation activity, activity of some ferment systems, and gives more stable and regular results

[en] After Chernobyl accident Ukraine was not ready to mitigate effectively its consequences. Present difficulties make problems with NPP operation. One of them is the radioactive waste management, storage and burial. Some ways in this problem solving are considered