[en] An overview is given of green taxes, levies and investment facilities in the Netherlands. Also, attention is paid to the main issues in the Third Dutch National Environmental Plan (NMP3). Energy levies are imported for the Dutch government to shift taxes on labor further towards taxes on pollution. However, the proposed doubling of the energy levies meets strong opposition from industry and businesses. 2 fig., 3 tabs

[en] Since 1992 the Netherlands Development Assistance (NEDA) supports the energy sector in Bolivia, South-America. Next to support on the policy level demonstration projects in the field of renewable energy are financed successfully. Two solar energy projects form the start of a broad introduction of Solar Home Systems in rural areas of Bolivia. The main obstacle is the financing of the plans. 3 refs

[en] A brief overview is given of projects that will be subsidized within the Dutch Economy Ecology Technology (EET) programme. The purpose of EET is to develop technological solutions that result in a sustainable development. Two of those projects are highlighted in this article: the Archimedes Wave Swing and the production of oil from biomass by hydrothermal upgrading. 1 ill

[en] The attitude of the Dutch government towards the application of geothermal heat is discussed. Also a brief overview is given of the subsidies of the European Union and European Union projects with regard to geothermal heat applications. As a result of cutbacks in the Dutch governmental budgets geothermal projects, which are considered to be risky and expensive, are not carried out.4 figs., 1 tab., 6 refs

[en] Economic development still results in increasing emissions, mobility, land use, etc. Several instruments are available by means of which energy efficiency measures and emission targets can be realized: benchmarking, tradeable emission rights, levies, and governmental support. 1 fig., 4 refs

[en] In studies of the future of nuclear energy in the Netherlands the title reactor (HTR) is an important option. The reactor is inherently safe and par excellence appropriate as part of a nuclear combined heat and power generating installation (Incogen or Inherent safe Nuclear COGENeration). However, an elaborated analysis of the economic efficiency, the basis for the HTR in the Dutch society, and the sustainability of the HTR shows that the technical ingenuity alone is not enough to realize a revival of nuclear energy in the Netherlands. 2 figs., 13 refs

[en] The contribution of renewable energy to the energy supply in the Netherlands can grow by cofiring biomass in existing coal-fired power plants. However, since for the short-term there is not enough biomass available in the Netherlands against a reasonable price, biomass (wood) must be imported, e.g. from Estonia, which is also quite expensive. Shipping of charcoal appears to be the cheapest option, compared to the transport of biomass in the form of logs, wood chips, and pyrolysis oil. 3 figs., 1 tab., 4 refs

[en] The planned closure of the Dutch nuclear power Plant Dodewaard caused many speculations on the costs and risks of the dismantlement and all preliminary actions. However, already a lot of experience with using safe techniques and strategies for decommissioning exists. The costs of decommissioning depend strongly on the design and local conditions, e.g. licensing. 6 ills., 4 refs

[en] The nuclear power capacity of the two Dutch nuclear power plants Dodewaard en Borssele is circa 540 Megawatt and will be completely revised. Recently, the first modifications were carried out, which will be finalized in 1997. After the renovation both plants will be as safe as newly built nuclear power plants. A brief overview is given of the modifications for Borssele (18) and for Dodewaard (8). 1 fig., 3 ills., 2 tabs

[en] Although one must be satisfied with the emission targets as agreed upon by the so-called Annex-I countries (mainly OECD and Middle- and East-Europe) during the conference on the Kyoto protocol in Japan, December 1997, there is still a lot to be desired. Some of the tools for the Annex-I countries to realize the targets are taking energy saving measures in the individual countries, tradeable emission rights, and joint implementation (also known as Clean Development Mechanism). 1 ill., 2 refs