[en] Nosocomial infections are known as infections which are acquired during patients hospitalization in hospitals. It has long history and causes to increase both therapy costs and problems of patient treatments. This study is for comparison of air microbial pollution in hospitals of towns (A) and (B) in Iran. This study is a descriptive-analytic type. Blood Agar culture was used for determining of microbial pollution. Statistic tests (central and scattering criterions) have been used for data analysis. Findings show that the most epidemical pathogen in view of air pollution in different parts of hospitals is non-urease Staphylococcus. It seems that because of using UV radiation, proper air ventilation and many facilities, air pollution in town (B) hospitals is less than town (A). (author)

[en] This experimental study was designed to see the possible effects of rapeseed oil on liver morphology. For this purpose, 60 albino rats of eight weeks age were selected and divided into five groups of twelve animals each with equal number of males and females. Group I, normal control, was fed on synthetic diet, Group II was on low rapeseed oil diet only and group III was on low rapeseed + hypercholesterolemic diet. Group IV was on high rapeseed oil diet only and Group V was on high rapeseed oil + hypercholesterolemic diet for the next 24 weeks. Histological examination was done on H and E, reticulin, trichrome and oil red O stains. Liver revealed mild to severe type of Portal triad fibrosis in groups II, III, IV and V. These findings were statistically significant when compared with control Group I. While bile duct proliferation (BDP) was mild in Group II and IV. Hence it is concluded that Rapeseed oil proved to be beneficial diet. It causes mild hepatic injury in low and high concentration. Hypercholesterolemic diet causes moderate to severe morphological changes in liver. (author)

[en] Wound dehiscence is an acute wound failure. It commonly presents about one week after surgery and may be preceded by a serosanguinuous discharge. Wound dehiscence is an important cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. To compare the early postoperative complications of closure of laparotomy wound by interrupted mass closure and continuous mass closure techniques. Sixty patients were included in this study and divided in two groups; group A and group B. Closure of laparotomy wound with monofilament polypropylene No.1 suture by interrupted mass closure technique for group A and continuous mass closure technique with same suture material in group B was done. In group A, 2 patients developed wound infection and 1 patient was found with wound dehiscence, while in group B, 3 patients suffered wound infection and 2 patients developed wound dehiscence. The closure of laparotomy wound by interrupted mass closure technique with polypropylene No.1 is better closure technique with low rate of wound infection and wound dehiscence as compared to continuous suturing technique with same suture material. (author)

[en] The aim of our study was to highlight the importance of better surgical outcome if presentation is earlier. Gastric cancer is second most common malignancy of gastrointestinal tract after colorectal carcinoma. The common presentation is pain epigastrium, weight loss, vomiting and anorexia. Patients usually present in advanced disease and only palliative surgery is possible. Commonest type is adenocarcinoma. We conducted a case .series of 60 patients who were treated for gastric carcinoma at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from March 2003 to March 2008. The objective of study was to assess the morbidity, mortality and outcome of surgical management. Out of 60 patients included in this study, 27 patients were male and 23 female. Commonest presentation was vomiting 69.9%. Most of the patients presented in advanced disease. Operative procedures include Billroth-1 and 01 resection, 20% Billroth II + L.N. dissection (16.6%), total gastrectomy along with reconstruction (6.7%). Most of the patients (23.3%) had palliative procedure in the form of bypass or feeding jejunostomy (56.7%). Only 30.1% presented in early stage of disease and its mortality rate was low. Postop complications recorded were diarrhea 30 patients, bilious vomiting in 24 patients, 2 patients underwent revisional surgery. Surgical outcome is directly related to stage of disease at presentation. Early presentation leads to better outcome. (author)

[en] The study on microbial populations is a suitable tool to understand and apply control methods to improve the sanitary level of production in fish breeding and rearing centers, ensure health of sturgeon fingerlings at the time of their release into the rivers and also in the conversation and restoration of these valuable stocks in the Caspian Sea, Iran. A laboratory research based on Austin methods (Austin, B., Austin, D.A. 1993) was conducted for bacterial study on 3 sturgeon species naming A. persicus, A. stellatus and A. nudiventris during different growth stages. Bacterial flora of Acinetobacter, Moraxella, Aeromonas, Vibrio, Edwardsiella, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Yersinia, Pseudomonas and Plesiomonas were determined. The factors which may induce changes in bacterial populations during different stages of fife are the followings: quality of water in rearing ponds, different conditions for growth stages, suitable time for colonization of bacterial flora in rearing pond, water temperature increase in fingerlings size and feeding condition. (author)

[en] The present study is planned to compare acridine orange (A.O) staining with Giemsa staining by using light microscopy with IF and also with fluorescent microscopy for detection of parasites in peripheral blood of patients suffering from clinically suspected cases of malaria. 200 patients with fever and shivering were included. General investigations like Hb, TLC and platelets were done by sysmex K-1000. Thin and thick blood films were made and stained according to protocol given i.e. by Giemsa and AO stains and slides were examined by different microscopes i.e. light microscope, light microscope with IFS and fluorescent microscope. Out of 200 subjects, 170 (85%) patients showed positive parasitaemia and 30 (15%) subjects were negative for malaria parasites. fib, TLC and platelets were reduced when comparing with MP negative cases. IFS microscope with acridine orange staining showed early detection of malaria parasites by counting fewer fields as compared to light microscopy with Giemsa stains. Time consumed for detection of parasites was also significantly reduced in IFS microscope by using AO stains. (author)

[en] Pulmonary TB is a worldwide infection and medical, social problem causing increase mortality and morbidity especially in our country. The aim of study was to explore the relation b/w degree of smear +ive with radiological extent of lesions on X-ray and HRCT. Material and Methods: Chest radiographs of 1100 patients were received, with sputum +ive. Post Um residual changes were classified according to the severity of these changes. Data analysis was done by tabulating these categories with pulmonary and extra pulmonary lesions. Clearance of chest radiograph was seen in 40% cases and persistent cavitations was seen in 30% cases with past h/o TB, with only 12% no such history. Age prevalence between males and females noted. Radiology provides essential information for the management and follow up of the patients and is extremely valuable for monitoring complications. (author)

[en] To determine the frequency of hypertension, its associated life style factors and to explore the level of awareness about hypertension among adult populace attending the kidney day and to formulate the strategies to improve the awareness. A total of one hundred participants were interviewed. The structured questionnaire was filled at the spot to obtain socio demographic information after taking verbal informed consent. Height, weight, pulse, blood pressure were recorded. A total of one hundred participants were interviewed. Overall frequency of hypertension in the study population was twenty five percent (25%). The prevalence of hypertension increased with increasing age and body mass index. Only thirty five percent (35%) could define hypertension and this awareness was significantly associated with educational level. Lack of physical activity, card playing and televisionization was observed in sixty percent of participants while thirty three percent were overweight. Fifty nine percent were using additional salt while seventy percent were having meals and snacks outside. High frequency of hypertension, obesity, lack of physical activity, unhealthy nutrition, and faulty dietary habits was observed in the study population. Emphasis on health education and use of electronic and print media is recommended to improve the public awareness about the risk factors and consequences of hypertension like stroke, heart attack, kidney failure etc. (author)

[en] The objective of this study is to determine factors influencing the outcome of surgical management of lower limb ischemia. It was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in surgical Unit 4, services hospital, Lahore from September 18, 2006 to March 17, 2007. Fifty patients of lower limb ischemia were included in the study. Appropriate surgical procedure was performed after complete preoperative evaluation. Risk factors identified and clinical variables were statistically evaluated. Time is single most important factor in acute and in chronic ischemia. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension hyperlipidaemia, smoking are factors which influence outcome. (author)

[en] To determine the role, accuracy and selection criteria of u/s and CT guided needle biopsy of intrathoracic masses. Material and methods: Imaging guided intrathoracic biopsies (n=100) were performed in patients of Ghulab Devi Chest Hospital, Lahore. U/S guidance was used for lesions abutting the chest wall. CT guidance was used for all masses surrounded by aerated lung. Location of masses, sizes, guidance modality, histologic results and complication was recorded. 20 lesions, (n=8) pleural, (n=4) chest wall, (n=1) mediastinal and (n= 7) parenchymal were amenable to u/s guided biopsies. The mean mass diameter ranges b/w 5 cm to 3.5 cm. No of passes 3=average and histological diagnosis was achieved in 15 Cases. Only 2 cases reported for pneumothorax. CT guidance was used in 80 patients. Lesions were (n=45) parenchymal, (n=34) mediastinal and (n=1) pleural. The mass diameter ranges from 2.0 to 3.5 cm and number of passes 1- 2. Histological diagnosis were achieved in 78 cases included 28 with small masses. Complications included pneumothorax seen in 4 pts and parenchymal hge (n=4). CT guided biopsies are quite safe for mediastinal masses as compared to u/s. U/S is effective and safe in masses abutting the chest wall, debilitated and less co-operative patients. (author)