[en] The first of these three thematic studies aimed at characterising households in a situation of energy poverty, from a social-economic point of view, and in relationship with the type of dwelling belonging to the private stock they rent, while the second and third studies address the same issues but respectively for households renting a social housing and for households renting or owning a housing in co-ownerships of the private sector. These three studies are identically structured. A first part details the methodology applied to quantify the phenomenon from the housing national survey (ENL), and to perform a bibliographical study. Thus it addresses the following issues: scope of the study, indicators of energy poverty, ENL processing, bibliographical study. The second part presents the general context of the studied target: the proportion of households in situation of energy poverty within the concerned sample, the comparison of proportions noticed for the three studied populations, identification of the peculiarities of the studied target population. The last part presents results in quantitative and qualitative ways by discussing the characteristics of energy poverties, the social-economic characteristics of households, the characteristics of housings, and the characteristics of households in their housing.