[en] Preliminary experiments for prevention were conducted with weakened plant viruses, namely with Arabis mosaic virus isolated from strawberries and tobacco mosaic virus. Treatment 24 hours prior to the infection with the radiation-weakened virus resulted in a 60-70% infection prevention. (author)

[en] The procedure to sterilize various kinds of food by irradiation has been used successfully for many years. The irradiation resistance of fodder contaminating moulds and their toxins was examined. Irradiation, heat treatment, and irradiation combined with heat treatment were used in experiments with Fusarium. However, only irradiation was used with the conidium suspensions of Aspergillus and Penicillium. After an appropriate time of incubation, the survival and the toxin producing capacity were determined. The heat treatment killed Fusarium but failed to kill Aspergillus and Penicillium. Owing to irradiation the reproductive capacity all of the fungi tested decreased, but in the surviving cultures the mycotoxin production increased. Using heat treatment combined with irradiation the toxin content of samples reached a high level in a short time and became stabilized. (author)

[en] Nucleoryza, the product of the first initiated and terminated work on mutational rice breeding in Hungary is an example of the superiority of mutation breeding over traditional crossing procedures. Under the climatical conditions of Hungary only the early rice types can be cultivated with a certain yield-security. The negative correlation between the productivity of early and late types does not apply to our early types. The average yield of types growing ripe in 120 to 130 days after shooting (the germination time could not be involved in growing time) does not differ significantly from the average productivity of those growing ripe in 130 to 140 days. Based upon these experiences the planting of more secure types and the preference of early types are recommended. (author)

[en] In field experiments the effects of irradiation with ⁶⁰Co isotope the seeds of round seeded peas (Pisum sativum L.), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), soybeans (Glycine max. L./Merr.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) were investigated. Rhizobium bacteria inoculation was carried out with the inoculator ''Rhizonit''. The green mass yield was determined for lucerne and the grain yield for the other plants. Irradiation induced flowering of peas 4-5 days earlier. The bean yields increased significantly on the influence of 1000 rad irradiation plus Rhizonit inoculation. For soybeans the yield response to Rhizonit proved to be significant. (author)

[en] The methods of pretreatment, the technical details of the irradiating equipment, the applied radiation doses and the general requirements of the effectively working system are described. The extent of reinfection is compared in cases of heat-treated and electron-irradiated mud. The latter method gave significantly better results. (L.E.)

[en] Penetrating ionizing radiation could be produced by high energy electrons produced in accelerators. That radiation can disinfect different kinds of wastewaters and sludges. In a scanner, the electrons are scanning in two directions and enter to open air through a thin and well cooled titanium window. The accelerator tube as well as the scanner are evacuated to high vacuum, the power supply and the accelerator are settled into SF₆ insulating gas at a high pressure of 0.7 MPa. The wastewater flowing below the scanner window absorbes the energized electrons. Electrons ionize and lose their energy. The absorbed dose could be varied by the accelerating voltage, by the electron beam current and by the flowing rate of the wastewater. (author)

[en] Laboratory and field investigations were conducted to study the joint application of gamma irradiation and microelement treatment. The microelement treatment consisted in soaking the seeds for 24 hours in combined solution of H₃BO₃, CuSO₄, ZnSO₄, MnSO₄ (0.01% each). The yield and growth of plants have not been affected considerably by the sequence of irradiation and microelement treatment. From the experimental data it can be concluded that under the testing conditions, in the majority of the cases, the fresh weight and growth of the young plants of the MvSC 530 maize hybrid, changed positively on the influence of treatment with gamma irradiation prior to sowing (1000 rad) and microelement solution. However, an enhanced depression in weight and length was caused by the treatment with 7000 rad. (author)

[en] A diagnostic device is introduced that enables the semiquantitative determination of germs in liquids or suspensions, and supplies satisfactory hygienic information for use in food hygiene and other related areas. The equipment offers a standard method and medium for tests. The condition of the large-scale industrial production of the device is gamma irradiation for ensuring the necessary sterility. A dose of 1 Mrad gave a safe result. (author)

[en] The degree of the compliance with the requirements of slurry and sewage treatment, the range of use of radiation sterilization procedures in agriculture and food industry, the possibilities of the complex application of radiation methods and factors influencing their economic efficiency, the economic evaluation of the versatile chargeable accelerators, the fixed and semi-mobile radioisotope facilities, the economic efficiency of the multipurpose utilization, the differences in the application of accelerators and radio isotopes as to the power source applied, the penetration, the dose rates and the radiation energy focusing are discussed. The radiation facility costs are compared. Conclusions concerning the choice of the most efficient applications are given. (author)

[en] Corns of pea and barley have been irradiated with 0 to 30 krad doses from a ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation source and examinations were carried out on the shoots of one-week-old etiolated seedlings. The wet weight of the shoots decreased proportionally to the increasing doses. 10 and 30 krad doses reduced the wet weight by 50 and 80 percent, respectively. Chromatin was extracted from the shoots, purified by sucrose gradient and the purified chromatin was used in the next steps of the experiment. The dose effect on the chromatin was also examined. The Ksub(m) values were determined from substrate saturation curves. These values significantly decreased proportionally to the increasing doses. Both the cytoplasmic and chromatin-bound nucleases increased significantly in seedlings growing from irradiated seed-corns. The cytoplasmic nucleases increased by 178 percent while the chromatin-bound ones by 423 percent after 30 krad irradiation dose. The cytoplasmic nucleases were purified by Sephadex gel chromatography. Out of the three nuclease activities revealed, only one increased after irradiation. (author)