[en] A survey is given of the current state of world nuclear energy, and attention is devoted to the causes of the slowing down of the rate of development of nuclear power plants. Information is presented on approaches to the evaluation of the safety of nuclear power plants and on the possible uses of nuclear fuel for heat generation. Operating experiences are assessed with fast breeder reactors and the prospects are evaluated of introducing these reactors into the nuclear power system. (E.S.)

[en] The results are presented of proving the technology of steel production and mastering the manUfacture of components of WWER-440 nuclear reactors in Czechoslovakia. The technology has been mastered of the manufacture of 15Kh2MFA steel for the WWER-440 reactor pressure vessel and the possibility has been verified of the manufacture of 15Kh2NMFA and A 543 steels for the WWER-1000 reactor pressure vessel. As concerns steam generators, research was oriented to the production of heavy ingots of electric steel (22K, 08Kh18N10T and 08Kh18N12T). For nuclear power plants with WWER-1000 reactors the technology was tested of the manufacture of 10GN2MFA steel, and Cr3Ni6Mo steel was developed for castings of special fittings. The production was acquired of pipes and fittings and the technology developed of welding and surfacing. The prospects and tasks of materials research for WWER reactors are evaluated and stress is put on the solution of corrosion problems of structural materials. (E.S.)

[en] The concentrate of radioactive wastes is filled into a stainless steel container in which its chemical composition is adjusted. The treated concentrate is pumped int liquid scales from where the weighed concentrate is discharged into a homogenizer, or into a calciner. The calcinate from the calciner and the cement from the hopper are transported to hopper scales which are connected to the homogenizer. Here, a cement mass is produced which is discharged into tin drums. The equipment is divided into three independent transportable modules: the homogenizer module, the scales module and the calciner module. The total height of the assembled modules is 5.5 m. The cement hopper and the oblique cement transporter are outside the modules. The control panel with electronic equipment is also placed outside the modules. Three operators are required for the system. (E.S.)

[en] The classification of radioactive wastes is given and the achievements evaluated in the disposal of radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants. An experimental pilot unit was installed at the Jaslovske Bohunice nuclear power plant for the bituminization of liquid radioactive wastes. UJV has developed a mobile automated high-output unit for cementation. In 1985 the unit will be tested at the Jaslovske Bohunice and the Dukovany nuclear power plants. A prototype press for processing solid wastes was manufactured which is in operation at the Jaslovske Bohunice plant. A solidification process for atypical wastes from long-term storage of spent fuel elements has been developed to be used for the period of nuclear power plant decommissioning. (E.S.)

[en] The economic targets of the Czechoslovak nuclear power research and development base are listed. The rise in costs of construction of nuclear power plants with WWER reactors may be halted or slowed down by improving project designs and improving the organization of construction and assembly works. The rationalization of the operation of nuclear power plants is mainly studied by the Research Institute for Nuclear Power Plants in Jaslovske Bohunice where new maintenance methods and equipment are being developed. UJV (the Nuclear Research Institute in Rez) is developing new diagnostic methods for more accurate monitoring of the state of the reactor and for predicting its behaviour and service life of reactor components. In the sphere of safety and ecological safety of the operation of nuclear power plants, UJV is solving the problem of introducing advanced technologies of radioactive waste processing. UJV is also task coordinator of the State Plan relating to the preparation of the engineering and electrical engineering industries for the future introduction of fast reactors for power production. (E.S.)

[en] An economic evaluation is made of the costs of one unit of primary energy. The economic effects of the development of nuclear energy are presented. The long-term prospective of the development of the Czechoslovak power industry for the period 1980 to 2010 reckons with the growing share of nuclear energy in the consumption of primary power resources, the generation of electric power and the production of thermal energy. It is envisaged that by the year 2000, 12 units with WWER-440 reactors and 5 units with WWER-1000 reactors should be in operation. (E.S.)

[en] The proceedings contain 9 papers of which 8 have been inputted in INIS. The papers inform of the state of nuclear engineering in Czechoslovakia and in the world, and of the safety of nuclear power plants, radioactive waste processing, and the production of radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear medicine. (E.S.)

[en] The successful applications of radiation technologies in industry and agriculture are summed up and examples are given of the irradiation services provided by UJV in Rez. The achievements are assessed of the production of radiopharmaceuticals at UJV and a survey is given of the number of examinations per year and of the consumption of radiopharmaceuticals in Czechoslovakia. Neutron activation analysis techniques have been elaborated and tested for service analyses. (E.S.)

[en] The conclusions are summed up of articles published in publications put out by the IAEA, UNEP, WHO and UNSCEAR. The amount of wastes discharged into the environment from the fuel cycle, from nuclear power plants and reprocessing plants is presented. Data are related to the equivalent of a 1000 MWe of LWR/year. The impact of discharged radionuclides on the population is expressed in standardized collective dose equivalents from the individual phases of the fuel cycle. The impact is given of certain radionuclides on the collective dose equivalent from the fuel cycle on a global scale. Various accidents on the disposal site are considered and the exposure of the population and environment from such accidents is given. (E.S.)