[en] Full text: There is need for devices of nuclear physics, in particular in nuclear reactors control systems, which are carrying out nonlinear transformations. It is possible to believe to them logarithmic amplifiers, meter the period of nuclear reactor etc. The methods of functional transformation of electrical signals and opportunity construction of devices with nonlinear transformation on the basis of the offered methods of definition of a voltage in structures with distributed potential on them are investigated in the work. These devices have a wide dynamic range, high speed of transformation and stability of parameters. The peculiarity of them is the possibility to construct the devices by the given beforehand law of transformation function. The variants of realization of functional converters are presented

[en] Full text: Ion beam control system lightens the work for controlling the generator's state, guiding the beam to experimental setups, and monitoring it when experiments are made. The system provides beam tracing along an ion-guide, measuring beam current before and after distributing magnet and beam electric charge at exposed sample, indirect evaluation of beam current before an experimental chambers where scattered ions are detected. The system consists of three devices for beam measuring and observing that are a rotating beam chopper with a semi-conductor detector for detecting scattered ions and a current integrator. The devices for beam measuring and observing provide beam current measurements in the range of 50 nA † 10 μA, and beam profile and position observation by placing Faraday cup and fused silica at the axis of the beam. Beam positioning is done with a help of an electromagnet built in the ion-guide's vacuum system. The semi-conductor detector provides indirect measurement of the beam current before experimental chamber. Beam current is to be proportionate to the number of detected ions scattered by the rotating beam chopper. Planes of the chopper and of the semi-conductor detector were placed at angles of 45^o and 90^o to the beam axis correspondingly. Beam current at an exposed sample is measured with a help of the current integrator that works on the principle of charging-discharging of a capacitor. Conversion ratio of the current integrator is 1 pulse/nC. An electric charge value taking from the capacitor in each of the cycle is equal to the product of voltage and capacity values. The current is measured in a range of 0.2 nA † 10 μA with a linearity not worse than ± 2%

[en] Full text: Industrial radiography is the oldest and most reliable non-destructive test method in the examination and two dimensional evaluation of weld defects. Digital radiographic methods provide more sensitive, faster and more reliable evaluation of defect images. One of the most important factors influencing the contrast and consequently the image quality is the noise on the film caused by scattered radiation. The digital image processing technique can eliminate the noise and improve the image quality. Digital radiography also enables three dimensional evaluation of weld defects. This work describes the use of digital radiography in the evaluation of defects in welds of different configurations by using a laser film digitizing system and an appropriate software programme. Advantages and limitations of the digital technique and conventional film radiography were discussed

No abstract available

[en] Full text: For many years we neutron activation analysis of soils sampled from different areas of landscape-geochemical regions of Uzbekistan including zone of extreme ecological catastrophe of Aral. Content of manganese and some other elements in the 'soil-cotton' system was investigated. Neutron-activation method of manganese determining with productivity up to 400 samples on shift with detection limit of 1,1 10^-5 % and discrepancies not more than 10%. Was developed extremely uniform distribution of manganese in cotton sowed soils of the Republic (340-1800mg/kg) is determined. Practically all soils of cotton-sowed zone of Republic are with lack of manganese. Distribution of manganese on soil profile of separate organs of cotton (leaves seeds etc.) was studied. Correlation between gross concentration of manganese and its active part extracted by distilled water on the basis of quantity analysis was found. Successive comparison of gross content of manganese in the soil with crop capacity of cotton in different zones of Republic made it possible to find interconnection between these quantities, which proves necessity of using micro-additions of manganese in the soils where its low concentration is detected

[en] Full text: One of possible method of realization of the terrorist acts is using gases and liquids, which easily permeate through the constructive materials of walls, floor, ceiling, roof, etc. into buildings by the capillary action of the pores. Toxic volatile organic compounds, organic and inorganic gases, radioactive elements, especially, which emits alpha particles can be used as the dangerous substances. Increased ventilation may help in removing the gases, but can actually increase the gases level by increasing the suction through the pores of concrete. If the gases and liquids are soluble in water and are easily volatilized from it, they can also get by groundwater up to underground structures and penetrate inside through opening and pores in concrete or pushed by hydrostatic pressure. The purpose of this work is creating a method to reduce concentration of toxic and radioactive gases in homes, buildings, underground buildings, tunnels, hangars, garages, bomb shelters, etc. The most effective method to prevent penetration of radionuclides into premises of buildings and underground structures through walls, roofs, floors is using special chemicals, which seal micropores inside the construction materials against gases. Worked out chemicals which consist of blend of polymeric compounds are described in the paper. Radioactive gases permeability in constructive materials after treatment by chemicals was studied. Influence of types of cement, sand and gypsum, preliminary treatment by different chemicals, different types of polymeric compounds, time between treatments, moisture of materials, time between preparation of chemicals and treatment of materials (aging of chemicals), time between treatment of concrete and testing (aging of treated concrete) were examined. Experiments have shown that our method allows reducing the coefficient of gas permeability 200 - 400 times

[en] Full text: Radioactivity radiation from natural and artificial sources often acts at the same time in complicated combinations and without exception on all inhabitants of our planet. Natural and artificial radioactive isotopes pass into living organism by biological chain: soil-water-air-plants-foodstuffs-person and can be sources of inside irradiation. Accumulation of radionuclides in living organism in large quantities limit permissible concentration (LPC) can lead to pathological changes in organism. With above mentioned at the radioecological investigations, researches and control of changes of radionuclides concentration in environmental objects have important interests. Investigations of determination of radioactivity of environmental objects, which began in 1960 by professor Muso Muminov are continued in the department of nuclear physics of Samarkand State University. We work out semiconducting gamma-spectrometric method of determination of radionuclides concentration in weak -active environmental samples. We investigated radioactivity of different samples of natural environment and generalized results. In this work the results of investigation of radioactivity of same dried fruits are presented. The spectra of γ-radiation of following dried fruits as grapes, apricot, apple and peach was investigated. In measured gamma-radiation spectra of these samples gamma-transitions of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K natural radionuclides and product of ¹³⁷Cs division. The specific gamma-activities these radionuclides were determined. The ⁴⁰K have most specific activity and ¹³⁷Cs - least. The calculated quantities of specific gamma-activity of radionuclides in gamma-spectra of investigated samples can replace to following row: ⁴⁰K > ²³²Th > ²²⁶Ra > ¹³⁷Cs

[en] Full text: The derivatives of acids of phosphorus, due to variety of properties, are a subject of numerous researches. Now it is known, that the derivatives of acids of phosphorus apart from insect, neurotoxic, antienzym and other kinds of physiological activity have also complex forming properties. As extra gents of noble metals particularly are analyzed by the derivatives of dithio phosphor of acids although organ phosphorus compounds with one nuclear of sulfur make extraction properties. Therefore, with the purpose of detection of effective extra gents of ions of argentum the phosphorylated derivatives of heterogeneous ring compounds were synthesized: Ph(RO)P(O)Cl + HOCH(CH₃)CH₂-R^'-> Ph(RO)P(O)OCH(CH₃)CH₂-R^' + HCl. R C₂H₅ - C₆H₁₃, R^' = a piperidine, morpholine, anabasine Structure of the obtained connections is confirmed by the results IR -, Pm- and mass- spectrometry. In an IR-spectrum O-hexyl-O - [piperidynoisopropyl] phenylphosphonate has lines of absorption bands of the following functional groups (ν, cm^-1): (P-O-C₅H₁₁) 990-1000, (P = 0) 1260, (P-C₆H₅)1450, (C-N in cycle) 1550. In an IR-spectrum O-pentyl-[anabasinoisopropyl] phenylphosphonate has lines of absorption bands of the following functional groups (ν, cm^-1): (P-O-C₅H₁₁) 990-1000, (P = 0) 1250, (P-C₆H₅)1450, (C-N in cycle) 1550. In a spectrum PMR about O-pentyl-[morpholyniisopropyl] phenylphosphonate in the field of a weak field (7, 18-7, 29 p.m.) the multiplet about tones of phenyl group is watched. Me tin proton resonate at 4,66 m.d.as multiplet The signals O-CH₂ of protons of morpholinic cycle appear at 3,58 m.d.. 4H) by the way of triplet. The protons N-CH₂ (6H) three methylene groups will derivate a composite multiple at 2, 10-2, 70 m.d.. The signal of metil group's protons (3H) is watched at 1,15m.d.as doublet. Final metal group resonates at 0, 87 p.m. Six of C-CH₂ of groups give a complex signal in the field of 1, 2-1, 8 m.d. The obtained connections are analyzed as extra gents of ions of argentum from salt-sulphate acid medium. Process of extraction was analyzed by a method of radioactive nuclides of metals (¹¹⁰Ag). The synthesized connections have appeared by weak extra gents of ions of argentum irrespective of the nature and density of inorganic acids. As the results of the lengthening of alkyl radicals in a molecule there is a rise of efficiency of extraction of metals. By rather more effective extra gent of metal has appeared in phosphorylated derivative of anabasine (E = 52 %)

[en] Full text: Zirconium and zirconium-niobium alloys are used on nuclear technology, as fuel cladding of nuclear reactors. Their nuclear-physical, mechanical and thermophysical properties are influenced them matrix and impurity composition, therefore determination of matrix and impurity content of these materials is a very important task. Neutron activation analysis is one from multielemental and high sensible techniques that are widely applied in analysis of high purity materials. Investigation of nuclear-physical characteristics of zirconium has shown that instrumental variant NAA is unusable for analysis due to high radioactivity of a matrix. Therefore it is necessary carrying out radiochemical separation of impurity radionuclides from matrix. Study of the literature datum have shown, that zirconium and niobium are very well extracted from muriatic solution with 5% tributyl phosphineoxide (TBPO) solution in toluene and 0,75 M solution of di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (HDEHP) in cyclohexanone. Investigation of these elements extraction in these systems has shown that more effective and selective separation of matrix radionuclides is achieved in HDEHP-3M HCI system. This system is also extracted and hafnium, witch is an accompanying element of zirconium and its high content prevented determination of other impurity elements in sample. Therefore we used extraction system HDEHP-3M HCl for analysis of zirconium and zirconium-niobium alloys in chromatographic variant. By measurement of distribution profile of a matrix and of elution curve of determined elements is established, that for effective separation of impurity and matrix radionuclides there is enough chromatographic column with diameter 1 cm and height of a sorbent layer 7 cm, thus volume of elute, necessary for complete elution of determinate elements is 35-40 ml. On the basis of the carried out researches the technique of radiochemical NAA of high purity zirconium and zirconium-niobium alloy, which allows to determine up to 25 impurity elements with detection limits of 10^-5-10^-9% mass have been developed

[en] Full text: In the report it is considered questions of repeated involving in operation of uranium-ore objects. One of the basic problems thus is the estimation of residual efficiency of ore. Its decision with use of gamma-carotage (GC) of chinks is unpromising, since it gives distribution on a trunk of a chink of radioactive daughter products of disintegration of uranium-radium chain. The uranium contents with help GC are not determined. Carrying out kern approbations of chinks essentially increases expenses for exploitation-prospecting drilling. Thus not always it is possible to receive a conditional core (an output not less than 80 %) on ore-containing mines. Therefore for more than 10 years at enterprises NMMC as the alternative way of approbation, direct definition of uranium in ore sections with the help of pulse carotage on instant decay neutrons (CND-M) is successfully applied. In the report, by the example of deposit Ketmenchi the data are showed to an opportunity of a method by definition of a degree of working off of ore intervals leaching and to detection of residual ores