[en] Not only Korea but also the nuclear advanced countries like USA are endeavoring to develop an advanced nuclear technology which enables us to handle the problems caused by the management of the spent fuel. As a part of this endeavor, USA is conducting a research under the AFCI program to develop a safe and economic fuel cycle satisfying environmental affinity and non-proliferation policy as well as 3 basic requirements of volume reduction, separation of long-lived and toxic nuclides and reuse of spent fuel as a natural resources. This report is prepared based on the 'Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative Comparison Report, FY 2004' published on the May of 2004, by DOE of USA