[en] The simplified mathematical model considers only the single backscattering of collimated gamma radiation, all multiple scattering effects are neglected. If radiation point source and radiation detector are in narrow neighbourhood of each other and both far from backscattering matter, the deduced approximate formula using the exponential integral gives the dependence of the radiometric counting result on the density of the backscattering matter. (orig.)

[en] New techniques in mass spectrometry with an increase in sensitivity of several orders of magnitude over conventional methods are described. Different possibilities of the application of ultrasensitive mass spectrometry are discussed. In the second part, investigations for the formation of thin films by means of laser-induced plasma deposition are described. The task of the present research is the generation of thin superconducting films on silicon. (orig.)

[en] The introduction and employment of irradiation technologies in the production attribute to research on the interaction between ionizing radiation and matter and the construction of irradiation installations. After its foundation our institute began at once to set up a gamma irradiation installation imported from the Soviet Union as the basis for radiation chemical investigations in the field of basic and applied research. Since then an efficient potential of 3 closed and 3 open irradiation facilities has been developed and installed at our institute. With this experimental basis the specific efficiency of the ionizing radiation for the construction of radiation technologies in industry, agriculture and environmental protection has been studied. (orig.)

[en] The report contains 7 different contributions of which 6 are in scope and can be retrieved from the database. The following subjects are dealt with: (1) instrumental characterization of surface layers; (2) low temperature pulse radiolysis in organic glasses; (3) gamma irradiation plants at the ZfI; (4) ultrasensitive mass spectroscopy and laser induced plasma deposition for the production of thin films; (5) phospholipid biopolymer aggregates: Challenging objects for the application of radioisotopes and useful tools for bioresearch; and (6) mathematical modeling of backscattering of very large distances between radiation source and scattering media. (BBR)

[en] Electron pulse radiolysis experiments on the aromatic olefins styrene, 1-methylstyrene and 1,1-diphenylethylene in organic solvents forming glassy matrices at temperatures near that of liquid nitrogen are described. The detection of the generated transients is carried out by optical absorption spectroscopy in the region from 300 to 1100 nm. Formation and decay reactions are studied at temperatures from 90 to 130 K. The prefered solvents are i- or s-butylchloride and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran for the investigation of cationic or anionic species, respectively. It is shown that the reactions depend on the olefin concentration, the kind and the temperature of the matrix. Simplified reaction mechanisms are discussed. (orig.)

[en] The promotion of the application of radioisotopes in bioresearch and the development of isotopic methods are mutually stimulating processes. We report on attempts and results to promote simultaneously both by combining tracer preparation and tracer application in the same laboratory. (orig.)

[en] Instrumental aspects of the analysis of surface layers of 0.1 to 10/um in thickness by particle induces X-ray emission. Rutherford backscattering and nuclear reaction analysis have been discussed. The main feature of the small ion accelerator used consisted in its low ion energy and consequently the low cross sections for excitation buth high ones for scattering. A computer code for simulation of Rutherford backscattering spectra is presented. (orig./BBR)