[en] The late papers on sun and heliosphere and muons and neutrinos are presented

[en] Directional distributions of energetic particles in interplanetary or upstream events usually are described in terms of Legendre polynomials in the cosine of the pitch angle with respect to the magnetic field. Measurement capabilities enable only the lowest order terms to be measured. Guided by three-dimensional directional proton measurements on ISEE-3, a maximum entropy description is found which allows construction of the higher order terms. Several examples will be shown in which the first order predicts the right order of magnitude of the second order. Its implications for diffusion approximations in transport theories in case of large anisotropies is indicated

[en] The tandem Earth-Jupiter trajectories of the Voyager 1/2 spacecraft, combined with baseline measurements from the earth-orbiting IMP-7/8 spacecraft, provide the first opportunity for unambiguously separating latitude from radial or field-aligned effects in galactic cosmic ray gradients. Anti-coincidence solid-state detectors on the Voyager 1/2 LECP experiment measure nucleons > or approximately 20 MeV/nuc with large (28 cm²) omnidirectional geometry factors. Anti-coincidence scintillators on the IMP-7/8 CPME with omnidirectional geometry factors comparable to those on Voyager measure nucleons > or approximately 35 MeV/nuc. Because the Voyagers are well-connected via the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) to the near-Earth vicinity throughout their transit from 1-5 AU (September 1977 - February 1979), we obtained the first direct measurement of field-aligned gradients, i.e., those that do not depend upon ''corotation'' from one spacecraft to another over many days. Another new result is the unambiguous identification of nonuniform latitudinal gradients approximately 2-5% degree^-1 in structures lasting 10-30 days. There is additional evidence for somewhat smaller latitudinal gradients, north to south and probably mixed with small field-aligned gradients <1% AU^-1, which persist for several solar rotations

[en] First and second harmonics of sidereal, solar and antisidereal diurnal waves are determined from continuous registrations by the Budapest underground muon telescope for 1976-1979. Sidereal anisotropies in different magnetic sectors are discussed in terms of trajectory calculations and are compared with results of previous magnetic field configuration

[en] The absolute intensity of vertical cosmic ray muons at sea level with momentum above 0.32 - 1.78 GeV/c at a geomagnetic latitude 25.5⁰N have been carefully measured by means of a narrow angle proportional counter telescope, which can distinguish a passage of penetrating muon. The present spectrum after being corrected scattering, proton contribution and geomagnetic latitude effect, has been compared with the some other spectrum. Our results are in good agreement with Allkofer et al's result. The differential and integral intensity have been found to be (7.30+-0.17)x10^-3/cm² s sr and (3.02+-0.17)x10^-3/cm² s sr (GeV/c), at momentum 1 GeV/c, respectively

[en] By using a quark parton model combined with parton recombination model in high energy collisions, the μ⁺/μ^- ratio at sea level for various zenith angles are calculated. It is shown that the inclusion of gluon effect leads to a good agreement with the recent experimental data

[en] Experimental data on inelastic scattering of cosmic ray muons on the salt atoms are given. The energy transfers are up to 2.10¹²eV. The experimental and calculated spectra of nuclear cascades are presented. The results are obtained with 100-ton scintillation detector (Arteomovsk). Cross section σsub(γA)(E) is compared with extrapolating accelerator data; the value bsub(NUCL) is given

[en] The observed quasiperiodic atmospherical γ-radiation intensity variations with the amplitude of about 10% can be due to air density oscillations caused by stratospheric internal gravity waves. The vertical intensity is shown to be more greatly subjected to variations with the period of about 5 min. Pressure variations synchronous with those of γ-radiation are of the amplitude no more than 0.5%

[en] A preliminary discussion is made through the analysis of a vast amount of collected solar event data in terms of the diffusion-convection model in a uniform medium reflecting the average propagation condition in the interplanetary space. In view of the controversy over the problem whether the transverse transport is coronal propagation or interplanetary perpendicular diffusion, a reexamination of this problem becomes necessary. To avoid the controversy the rise-time tsub(m) to the maximum intensity of the solar protons as a function of the azimuth theta of the source flare relative to the magnetic line of force connecting the sun with the earth has been fitted to a polynomial by the least squares method. We are discussing the propagation along the magnetic line of force, so what we want to know is only the value of t₀ for the event on the connecting line of force which is decided by the longitudinal diffusion and is free from the model assumed for the transverse transport

[en] The Goddard/University of New Hampshire Cosmic-Ray Experiment on Pioneers 10 and 11 is capable of measuring the angular distribution in the azimuthal direction of low-energy galactic protons and helium nuclei over an energy range extending from 3-60 MeV. In 1977, Pioneer 10 was at the maximum heliocentric radial distance (14 AU) during the time that conditions of minimum modulation still prevailed at 1 AU. For this period, a first-order anisotropy of 7.4+-2% was detected flowing in a direction of 108+-16⁰ for 30-56 MeV protons. A direction of 90⁰ corresponds to the corotation direction, as well as that expected for particles flowing inward along the interplanetary field. For 30-56 MeV/nuc helium, a value of 5.6+-3% toward 147+-33⁰ was measured. While no detectable flow (2.2+2.6%) was observed for anomalous helium in the 10-21 MeV/nuc range, this result is not in strong statistical disagreement with the proton observation