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AbstractAbstract
[en] The three main following topics were developed: human health studies; general aspects of plutonium monitoring; problems related to plutonium contaminated wastes
[fr]
Les trois principaux themes suivants ont ete developpes: les problemes sanitaires; les problemes generaux de detection de plutonium; les problemes poses par les dechets contenant du plutoniumOriginal Title
Journees d'etudes plutonium et radioprotection
Primary Subject
Secondary Subject
Source
1983; 481 p; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Saclay (France); Congress on plutonium and radioprotection; Saclay (France); 14-16 Jun 1983; ISBN 2-7272-0084-6;
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The various aspects of nuclear personnel monitoring were reviewed. The two following methods were used: whole-body counting (gamma spectrometry, X-ray spectrometry) as direct or ''in vivo'' methods and radiotoxicologic or indirect methods using biological excretion analysis (sample spectrometry, tritium analysis in urine, nasal excretion analysis; transplutonium element analysis in biological excretions, beta emitters analysis, natural and enriched uranium analysis)
[fr]
On a regroupe tous les aspects de la surveillance du personnel travaillant en milieu nucleaire. On a expose les deux grands types de methodes utilisees: les methodes anthroporadiametriques (spectrometrie gamma, spectrometrie X) encore appelees methodes directes ou ''in vivo'' et les methodes radiotoxicologiques encore appelees methodes indirectes puisque basees sur l'analyse des excretats biologiques (spectrometrie des echantillons, analyse du tritium urinaire, des secretions nasales, des transplutoniens dans les excretats biologiques, des radioemetteurs beta, de l'uranium naturel et de l'uranium enrichi)Original Title
Detection individuelle des contaminations. Anthropagammetrie. Radiotoxicologie
Primary Subject
Source
CEA, 75 - Paris (France); Societe Francaise de Radioprotection, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses; 481 p; ISBN 2-7272-0084-6; ; 1983; p. 43-72; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Saclay (France); Congress on plutonium and radioprotection; Saclay (France); 14-16 Jun 1983
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Book
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Conference
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ACTINIDES, BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BIOLOGICAL WASTES, BODY FLUIDS, CHARGED PARTICLE DETECTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CLEARANCE, COUNTING TECHNIQUES, DETECTION, ELEMENTS, HYDROGEN ISOTOPES, ISOTOPE ENRICHED MATERIALS, ISOTOPES, LIGHT NUCLEI, MATERIALS, MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, METALS, MONITORING, NUCLEI, ODD-EVEN NUCLEI, QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, RADIATION DETECTION, RADIATION DETECTORS, RADIATION MONITORING, RADIOISOTOPES, SPECTROSCOPY, TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS, URANIUM, WASTES, YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The principle of the real time determination of air voluminal activity from the measurement of the activity of the filter. The ''Pu'' measurement processing has to comple the Pu/natural radioactivity discrimination that the sampler cannot do alone. The basic process of the measurement processing is described. For the operation checkout and the examination of performance of the processing, and for the technical success of a measurement-processing system, it is possible to use a real-time simulation of the different sensors; in the case of ''Pu'' processing, a mockup of the sampler has been prefered; it gives the elementary countings due to the natural radioactivity for the two ''Pu'' and ''RaA'' windows; it has been associated to a simulator giving the pulses corresponding in the ''Pu'' window to only ''Pu'', according the chosen profile. The main results obtained after several hundreds simulations are given; eight diagrams, quite representative, are presented. To concludes the performence of the BFSA monitor, for plutonium aerosol monitoring, in which the TMAPU2 measurement processing system and a performant detection head are associated, are reviewed
[fr]
On rappelle tout d'abord le principe de la determination de l'activite volumique de l'air en temps reel a partir de la mesure de l'activite du filtre. Le traitement de mesure ''Pu'' doit completer la discrimination Pu/radioactivite naturelle que le capteur ne peut realiser seul. On decrit dans cet article le processus de base du traitement de mesure Pu. Pour la mise au point et l'examen des performances des traitements de mesure ainsi que pour la reussite technique d'un equipement informatique de controle continu des rayonnements, on dispose d'une simulation en temps reel des differents capteurs; dans le cas du traitement ''Pu'', on a prefere utiliser une maquette du capteur, fournissant les comptages elementaires dus a la radioactivite naturelle pour les deux fenetres ''Pu'' et ''RaA'', qui a ete associee a un simulateur donnant les impulsions correspondant dans la fenetre ''Pu'' au ''Pu''seul, selon le profil choisi. On donne les principaux resultats obtenus apres plusieurs centaines d'essais en simulation. Pour illustrer les performances obtenues, 8 graphiques tires de ces essais, assez representatifs, sont presentes. Pour conclure, on resume les performances de la balise BFSA pour le controle des aerosols de plutonium dans laquelle le traitement de mesure TMAPU2 est associe a une tete de detection performanteOriginal Title
Balise plutonium: traitement de l'information
Source
CEA, 75 - Paris (France); Societe Francaise de Radioprotection, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses; 481 p; ISBN 2-7272-0084-6; ; 1983; p. 315-343; Commisariat a l'Energie Atomique; Saclay (France); Congress on plutonium and radioprotection; Saclay (France); 14-16 Jun 1983; 3 refs.
Record Type
Book
Literature Type
Conference
Country of publication
ACTINIDE NUCLEI, ACTINIDES, AEROSOLS, ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, CHARGED PARTICLE DETECTION, COLLOIDS, DETECTION, DISPERSIONS, ELEMENTS, EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI, EVEN-ODD NUCLEI, HEAVY NUCLEI, ISOTOPES, MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, METALS, MONITORING, NONMETALS, NUCLEI, PLUTONIUM ISOTOPES, RADIATION DETECTION, RADIOISOTOPES, RARE GASES, SIMULATION, SOLS, TESTING, TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS, YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The quantity of plutonium contained in controlled or accidental releases and in wastes processed or not is evaluated to compare it to the one dispersed during aerial nuclear explosions. The characteristics of plutonium fallouts from aerial nuclear explosions are reviewed: fallout zones, mass and activity of dispersed plutonium, behaviour of deposited plutonium of dose commitments. Among accidental situations, some are quoted with their consequences. About plutonium involved in industrial activities, the paper deals with the following points: evaluation of plutonium production in fuel cycle; brief chronology of the AEN solid waste disposal into the sea; liquid and gaseous effluents of reprocessing plants; wastes waiting for processing in the reprocessing plants of Windscale and La Hague
[fr]
On tente d'evaluer la quantite de plutonium contenu dans les rejets controles ou accidentels et dans les dechets conditionnes ou non, resultant des activites industrielles, afin de la comparer a celle dispersee lors d'essais nucleaires aeriens. On passe en revue les caracteristiques des retombees de plutonium provenant d'essais nucleaires aeriens: zones des retombees, masse et activite du plutonium disperse, comportement du plutonium depose, equivalents de dose engagee. Parmi les situations accidentelles, on en cite quelques unes en donnant brievement les consequences. Pour ce qui est du plutonium engage dans les activites industriels, on s'interesse aux points suivants: evaluation du plutonium produit dans le cycle du combustible; rapide historique des immersions de dechets solides de l'AEN; rejets liquides et gazeux d'usines de retraitement; dechets en attente de conditionnement pour les usines de retraitement de Windscale et La HagueOriginal Title
Evaluations comparees du plutonium disperse lors des essais nucleaires aeriens et des dechets plutoniferes evacues, stockes ou en attente de conditionnement dans le cycle du combustible
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Secondary Subject
Source
CEA, 75 - Paris (France); Societe Francaise de Radioprotection, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses; 481 p; ISBN 2-7272-0084-6; ; 1983; p. 449-470; Commisariat a l'Energie Atomique; Saclay (France); Congress on plutonium and radioprotection; Saclay (France); 14-16 Jun 1983; 32 refs.
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Atmospheric activity monitoring, specially with plutonium, take into account the geographic configuration, ventilation, natural radioactivity and equipment used. Since the beginning of nuclear industry, specialists examine these problems to obtain measurements as close as possible of reality. Progress of these studies is reviewed and retained methods are given
[fr]
Le controle de l'activite atmospherique plus specialement dans le cas du plutonium doit prendre en compte differentes donnees qui concernent notamment la configuration geographique, les caracteristiques de ventilation, l'influence de la radioactivite naturelle et les types de materiels utilises. Les specialistes en la matiere se penchent sur ces problemes depuis pratiquement la naissance de l'industrie nucleaire pour aboutir a des mesures aussi representatives que possible. Le present document a pour objet de faire le point de l'etat d'avancement de ces etudes et d'enumerer les methodes qui paraissent devoir etre retenuesOriginal Title
Synthese des methodes actuelles de determination de la contamination atmospherique
Primary Subject
Source
CEA, 75 - Paris (France); Societe Francaise de Radioprotection, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses; 481 p; ISBN 2-7272-0084-6; ; 1983; p. 105-117; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Saclay (France); Congress on plutonium and radioprotection; Saclay (France); 14-16 Jun 1983
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Book
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The B.F.S.A. plutonium monitor (Monitor with Sequential Filter to measure alpha Aerosols) aims at measuring aerosols of plutonium and other transuranium elements. The needs of reprocessing plants and laboratories in the course of plutonium recycling, have shown the necessity to carry out a TCR monitor (Radiation protection Control Board), that is to say pluggable to a centralized board. In view of this situation, the D.E.I.N. (Electronics and Nuclear Instrumentation Department of the CEA) proposed in June 1980, an action for the study and the industrialization of a French equipment of which the main objectives are given. The development of the action technical and financial means, is recalled and the results are given
[fr]
La balise plutonium B.F.S.A., Balise a Filtre Sequentiel pour les Aerosols alpha, est destinee a la mesure des aerosols de plutonium et autres transuraniens. Les besoins des usines de retraitement et des laboratoires au cours du recyclage du plutonium, ont montre la necessite de developper une balise TCR (Tableaux de Controle de la Radioprotection), c'est-a-dire connectable a un tableau centralise. Devant cette situation, le D.E.I.N. (Departement d'Electronique et d'Instrumentation Nucleaire du CEA) a propose en juin 1980, une action pour l'etude et l'industrialisation d'un materiel francais dont on donne les principaux objectifs dans cet article. On retrace le deroulement de l'action, cadre technique et financier, et on en donne les resultatsOriginal Title
Objectifs et realisation de la balise plutonium (B.F.S.A.)
Source
CEA, 75 - Paris (France); Societe Francaise de Radioprotection, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses; 481 p; ISBN 2-7272-0084-6; ; 1983; p. 265-272; Commisariat a l'Energie Atomique; Saclay (France); Congress on plutonium and radioprotection; Saclay (France); 14-16 Jun 1983
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[en] The signification of the term ''contamination'' is briefly recalled. To measure the levels of contamination, there are only two methods: the direct method and the indirect method. Finally, the recent improvements in the surface contamination detection field are shortly reviewed
[fr]
On rapelle brievement la signification du terme ''contamination''. Pour effectuer la mesure des niveaux de contamination il n'existe que deux methodes: la methode directe et la methode indirecte. On passe, pour finir, tres rapidement en revue les amelioratiations recentes dans le domaine de la detection des contaminations surfaciquesOriginal Title
Synthese des methodes actuelles de detection des contaminations de surface (peau, vetements, locaux)
Source
CEA, 75 - Paris (France); Societe Francaise de Radioprotection, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses; 481 p; ISBN 2-7272-0084-6; ; 1983; p. 187-189; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Saclay (France); Congress on plutonium and radioprotection; Saclay (France); 14-16 Jun 1983
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[en] After the reasons for the existence of a individual monitor of the alpha atmospheric contamination, the design and the experiment of the sampler are presented. The monitor is aimed at informing the individual of an atmospheric contamination by alpha emitters, more particularly transuranium elements. The study aim at doing the dichotomic separation of aerosols and at eliminating the submicronic particles, taking into account the fact that the solid radon daughters can reduce the sensibility of the measurements. The sampler has been tested: captation efficiency, losses on the walls and distribution of the sampling on the filter; the experiment has been carried out for three membranes having pores fo which diameter is 3-5 and 8 μm
[fr]
Apres avoir expose la raison d'etre d'un moniteur individuel de la contamination atmospherique alpha, on presente la conception et l'experimentation de la tete de prelevement. L'appareil est destine a prevenir l'individu d'une contamination atmospherique par des emetteurs α, principalement les transuraniens. L'etude vise a effectuer la separation dichotomique des aerosols et a eliminer les particules submicroniques compte tenu du fait que les produits de filiation solides du radon peuvent attenuer la sensibilite des mesures. On a teste pour la tete de prelevement le rendement de captation, les pertes sur les parois et la repartition du prelevement sur le filtre. L'experimentation a ete realisee pour trois membranes ayant des diametres de pores de 3-5 et 8 μmOriginal Title
Moniteur individuel de la contamination atmospherique alpha (type MONICA α)
Source
CEA, 75 - Paris (France); Societe Francaise de Radioprotection, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses; 481 p; ISBN 2-7272-0084-6; ; 1983; p. 143-161; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Saclay (France); Congress on plutonium and radioprotection; Saclay (France); 14-16 Jun 1983
Record Type
Book
Literature Type
Conference
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ACTINIDE NUCLEI, AEROSOLS, ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, CHARGED PARTICLE DETECTION, COLLOIDS, DETECTION, DISPERSIONS, ELEMENTS, EQUIPMENT, EVEN-ODD NUCLEI, FILTERS, HEAVY NUCLEI, ISOTOPES, LABORATORY EQUIPMENT, MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, MONITORING, NUCLEI, PLUTONIUM ISOTOPES, POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT, RADIATION DETECTION, RADIOISOTOPES, SAMPLERS, SIZE, SOLS, TESTING, YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The evaluation of radiation doses to the human organism after inhalation of 239PuO2 was used as an example to study plutonium radiation doses. The following element were analyzed: respiratory system radiation doses (deposition and clearance model, retention, importance of particle size); skeleton; bone marrow, liver and gonad radiation doses (tissu distribution, elementary retention functions, retention function after inhalation); 239PuO2 effective radiation doses and annual permissible intake
[fr]
Pour etudier les doses engagees dans le cas du plutonium on a retenu l'exemple du 239PuO2 inhale. On a analyse les elements suivants: dose engagee a l'appareil respiratoire (modele de depot et d'epuration respiratoire, formulation de la retention, formulation de la dose engagee, importance de la granulometrie); dose engagee au squelette, a la moelle osseuse, au foie et aux gonades (depot dans les tissus, fonction de retention elementaire, fonction de retention apres incorporation, doses engagees); dose engagee effective et limite d'incorporation annuelles pour le 239PuO2Original Title
Plutonium: modeles de calcul des doses engagees. Incidence sur la reglementation
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Secondary Subject
Source
CEA, 75 - Paris (France); Societe Francaise de Radioprotection, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses; 481 p; ISBN 2-7272-0084-6; ; 1983; p. 75-95; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Saclay (France); Congress on plutonium and radioprotection; Saclay (France); 14-16 Jun 1983
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Book
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BONE MARROW, COMPARTMENTS, DEPOSITION, DOSE LIMITS, GONADS, INHALATION, LIVER, LUNG CLEARANCE, MAN, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE INTAKE, PARTICLE SIZE, PLUTONIUM, PLUTONIUM 239, PLUTONIUM OXIDES, RADIATION DOSES, RADIOACTIVE AEROSOLS, RADIONUCLIDE KINETICS, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, RETENTION, RETENTION FUNCTIONS, SKELETON
ACTINIDE COMPOUNDS, ACTINIDE NUCLEI, ACTINIDES, AEROSOLS, ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, ANIMALS, BODY, CHALCOGENIDES, CLEARANCE, COLLOIDS, DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, DISPERSIONS, ELEMENTS, EVEN-ODD NUCLEI, EXCRETION, GLANDS, HEAVY NUCLEI, HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM, INTAKE, ISOTOPES, KINETICS, MAMMALS, METALS, NUCLEI, ORGANS, OXIDES, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, PLUTONIUM COMPOUNDS, PLUTONIUM ISOTOPES, PRIMATES, RADIOISOTOPES, SAFETY STANDARDS, SIZE, SOLS, TISSUES, TRANSURANIUM COMPOUNDS, TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS, VERTEBRATES, YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
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AbstractAbstract
[en] This monitor has to permit detection in the environment, the α and β radioactivity of aerosols, and so among others of plutonium. Its name, the BFSAB, means that it is a monitor with a sequential filter to measure Alpha and Beta aerosols. It is shown that the study of a environment monitor to measure ininterruptedly the radioactivity of aerosols was a necessity. The sampler has been studied to obtain a sampling representative for any wind direction, and, for any velocity of which limit has been fixed at 10m/s. The aim fixed for this study is to sample at least the particles that may be inhaled. The lowest detectable radioactivity has been fixed, for α, lower than or equal to 1,3.10-2Bq. At the artificial radioactivity which has to be detect, the natural radioactivity (radon and thoron daughters) has to be added; to eliminate it, the pseudo-coincidence technique is used; its principle is briefly recalled. The BFSAB monitor includes two units: the sampler (CFSAB) and the processing unit (UTSE). To simplify the presentation of the monitor, three subsystems are distinguished: the ventilation circuit, the filter changer, and, the detectors, their electronics and the associated processing
[fr]
Cette balise doit permettre de detecter dans l'environnement, la radioactivite α et β des aerosols et donc entre autre du plutonium. Son nom, la BFSAB, signifie Balise a Filtre Sequentiel destine a la mesure des aerosols Alpha et Beta. On montre que l'etude d'une balise environnement a detection continue de la radioactivite d'aerosols s'averait necessaire. La tete de captation a ete etudiee par obtenir un prelevement representatif pour toute direction de vent et quelle que soit sa vitesse pour laquelle on a fixe une limite de 10 m/s. L'objectif fixe est de prelever au moins les particules inhalables. La radioactivite minimale decelable a ete fixee, en α, inferieure ou egale a 1,3.10-2Bq. A la radioactivite artificielle qu'il faut detecter, s'ajoute la radioactivite naturelle due aux descendants du radon et du thoron; pour l'eliminer, on utilise la technique de speudo-coincidence dont on rappelle rapidement le principe. La balise (BFSAB) comprend deux entites: le capteur (CPSAB) et l'unite de traitement (UTSE). Pour simplifier la presentation de la balise, on distingue trois sous-ensembles: le circuit aeraulique, la passeur de filtre, et, les detecteurs, leur electronique et les traitements associesOriginal Title
Presentation d'une nouvelle balise de mesure de la contamination dans l'environnement
Source
CEA, 75 - Paris (France); Societe Francaise de Radioprotection, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses; 481 p; ISBN 2-7272-0084-6; ; 1983; p. 213-229; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Saclay (France); Congress on plutonium and radioprotection; Saclay (France); 14-16 Jun 1983
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