[en] The XI Regional Congress on Radiological and Nuclear Safety is held at the Havana Convention Center with debates, conferences and round tables on essential issues related to the protection of people receiving ionizing radiation by medical guidance. With the theme ''Culture of security, a shared commitment'', the Congress offers a unique opportunity to promote scientific debates among Ibero-American professionals in the areas of radiological safety. (author)

[en] Based on a project with the International Atomic Energy Agency, the installation and commissioning of a Sr-90 / Y-90 electrochemical generator inside an armored glove box was initiated at CENTIS. The objective is to guarantee the production of Y-90 necessary for the research that will be carried out in Cuban medicine with this radionuclide. Associated with the initiation of this practice, compliance with all regulatory requirements approved in the country from the radiological point of view that demonstrate the safety of this for both operators and the general public is mandatory. By using the MCNPX code, the generator installation was simulated and the equivalent doses Hp (10) were obtained for the operator: 6.27 mSv / a and Hp (0.07): 17 mSv / a for a 10 Ci source of Sr-90 . Likewise, the use of TLD dosimeters for the control of beta exposures was evaluated. The high sensitivity of the Lithium Fluoride pellets for the energy of the beta particles of the Y-90 was demonstrated, which ensures its use for the measurement of the magnitude Hp (007). Two possible solutions are developed for the recovery of ⁹⁰Sr from liquid waste, one by distillation and the other by ion exchange. To transport the Y-90, the package currently used to market the rest of CENTIS's radiopharmaceuticals may be used. As a final result, The practice was approved and included in the Operation License of the Isotope Center. (author)

[en] The breast is one of the main organs, in terms of radiosensitivity according to the Commission Radiation Protection International (ICRP), thus having one of the highest factors of weighting for the estimation of risk of cancer induction due to the practice of mammography. In Brazil, the technical regulation for medical and dental radiodiagnosis (Portería 453 de 1998) contemplates the acceptable levels for the average glandular dose, nor does it deal with the actions of the regulatory body regarding exposures in the application of tracking programs mammography The objective of the present work is to promote the discussion and inclusion of the levels acceptable doses of medium glandular dose and the actions of the regulatory body in the technical standards for medical and dental radiodiagnosis from the studies carried out in the Division of Medical Physics of the Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry (IRD) that included the measurements in a simulator of incident kerma breast in air and the average glandular dose. These studies, in which a 97% index in relation to the acceptable dose values ​​stipulated by the International Organization of Atomic Energy (IAEA), provide important reinforcement for regulatory actions and for the consolidation of the national mammographic tracking program, promoting a greater scope for Early detection of breast cancer. (author)

[en] The work has several objectives; The first and most important was the recovery of the GAMMA beam, from the Secondary Dosimetric Calibration Laboratory of Ecuador. Another was the training of Ecuadorian personnel in the maintenance and repair of the OB 6, OB 2 and T 80 machines, essential for laboratory work. For each case, the analysis of the history of the occurrence of the failures produced during operation, since the LSCD did not have any technical documentation, reason why this problem was solved and currently, they have all the technical files necessary for future breakdowns. The Cobalt T 80 machine remained in operation, as well as the Cesium 137 station, OB 6. The Cobalt 60 irradiator OB 2 was waiting for different pieces, indispensable to recover it, since it has been inactive for around 9 years.

[en] Objective: Through the cooperation project COS / 9/088 the University of Costa Rica received with support from the Ministry of Health and the IAEA the donation of an x-ray generation system, without However, it is necessary to carry out a validation of radiation qualities. Materials and Methods: For confirm the radiation qualities according to the IEC 61267 and ISO 4037 standards, the first and second half value layer (1HVL and 2HVL), through a combination of aluminum and copper filters, ionization chambers, a collimating screen and other miscellaneous equipment. Results: Values 1HVL and 2HVL have a deviation of less than five percent with respect to those reported by the IEC 61267 in qualities RQR2 up to RQR10. The field size is eight centimeters in diameter for the three-centimeter aperture with a field dispersion of less than five percent. In the ISO qualities from N40 to N200, HVLs have deviations of less than five percent and the Field uniformity and size result is the same as in RQR grades. Conclusions: they verify the radiation qualities of the Ionizing Radiation Metrology Laboratory according to the conditions of IEC 61267 and ISO 4037 in the spectrum of qualities from RQR2 to RQR10 and N40 up to N200. This allows the first step to be taken to consolidate the LMRI as the laboratory in charge of traceability to the equipment used in quality control in radiodiagnostic techniques in Costa Rica.

[en] The radiation doses the patient receives during fluoroscopy are highly dependent on their size, as well as the duration of the test and the exposure time depends on the scan to perform. Design and run quality control tests on the Shimadzu remote controlled fluoroscope from 'Saturnino Lora Torres' Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba that allow evaluating and characterize the service it provides. A cross-sectional analytical investigation was carried out in said hospital in the period from May to June 2015. 11 quality control tests were carried out following national and international protocols; 4 of them were chosen to compare them with the Notebook International Labor Organization on Quality Assurance for Radiographers and Radiological Technologists who they use minimal resources. Three of these tests were compared using the qualitative method and one using Pearson's linear correlation coefficient. The proposed method is effective because the sensitometric test has close linear correlation with the international protocol method and the results obtained in the beam collimation tests are qualitatively equivalent, reproducibility and linearity of the generator. It was possible to design and execute 4 control tests of quality based on the Notebook. Of the quality control carried out, according to the Cuban protocol and the international protocol, it was found that the equipment has technical problems with the generator, the X-ray tube and manual collimation system.

[en] Introduction: In the case of newborns, due to the small volume of the body of a newborn born during an x-ray examination usually a greater number of sensitive organs in compared to adults are exposed. Methods of reducing radiation dose to children as a consequence of diagnostic radiographs are important and have been achieved reduce the dose in neonates to 0.07 mGy. Objective: Design the technical chart for radiological studies in neonates. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical investigation was carried out in the imaging services of the Hospital Materno Norte ―Tamara Bunque‖ of the Santiago province of Cuba in the period from February to May 2014. The state of current service as well as quality control tests on geometry and quality of the make. The stepped method of the International Society of Radiology was used for the design of the technical letter in imaging services. Results: The effectiveness of said letter was verified for 40 studies using an acrylic phantom and approval by a committee of experts in radiology and neonatology where 92.5% were satisfactory. Conclusions: A letter was designed technique adjusted to the actual thickness of the neonate thereby keeping the surface dose below of the guidance levels. It was detected that in this institution there is a lot of variability of the technique neonatal radiography in each study by technologist.

[en] Multi-Slice Computed Tomography is a radiodiagnostic examination that usually involves high doses of patients, whether they are adults or children. In this way, the objective of the present study was to verify the doses used in the tomography examinations for pediatric patients in an individualized way, including a tool to establish the values ​​for each team. Dosimetric tests were performed on three modern scanners: GE Optima-128; Philips Briliance-128 and Toshiba Aquilion-64. The air kerma indices were measured for computed tomography for all kV and the measurements of the weighted kerma (Cw) and volumetric (Cvol) indices were carried out using the Radcal-10X6-3CT ionization chamber introduced in five mannequins of water diameters: 80, 100, 120, 150, 160 and 170 mm. From the Cw and Cvol values ​​obtained, it was possible to obtain the correction and adjustment factors between the indicated value and the real value for each equipment. These results were compared with the values ​​presented in the document AAPM-TG-204 and the maximum difference was 13% (80 mm / Toshiba equipment). It is verified that the values ​​indicated by the equipment are normally underestimated for pediatric patients, since they are based on 160 or 320 mm simulators. From the adjusted values, the effective dose (E) values ​​were calculated using conversion factors between Cvol and E. It is concluded that the data indicated by the teams may underestimate the dose to the patient and the individualized settlement of kerma / dose is relevant in MSCT.

[en] Many studies have shown that the analysis of chromosomal alterations involving blood cells, particularly lymphocytes, can provide a realistic estimate of the absorbed dose due to exposure to ionizing radiation in biological dosimetry. In a case of a partial body exposure, the frequency of those abnormalities varies according to the area of the exposed body and may be substantially different from a total exposure of the body with an identical dose. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of chromosomal changes simulating, with blood samples, partial body irradiation (25%, 50%) in X-ray beam. The irradiation was performed at Laboratory of metrology (CRCN-NE / CNEN) with a bundle of 250kVp Xays, resulting in the absorbed dose of 1.0 Gy. Prior to obtaining the metaphases, irradiated blood was mixed with non-irradiated blood, and then the mitotic metaphases for the chromosomal analyzes were obtained by culturing. It was observed that there was an increase in dicentric frequency when the dose percentage increases in both subjects (0.024 and 0.049 in subject 1 and 0.016 and 0.038 in subject 2) after irradiation. The cellular distribution was ―Poisson contaminated‖ only at the dose of 25% of the first individual who had a prolongation of the distribution. The Qdr and Dolphin methods were used to estimate partial absorbed dose, but the Qdr method was not efficient whereas the Dolphin method was efficient when the individual had a prolonged cell distribution. It is necessary to increase the number of observations to be sure of the observed behaviors. (author)

[en] Introduction: So far little is known about the behavior among individuals of the frequency of chromosomal aberrations at high doses. The objective of the present work is to evaluate if there is interindividual variability in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations at ionizing radiation doses greater than 5Gy using the Rings in Premature Condensed Chromosomes (PCC-R English) and Dicentric + caffeine (Dec + coffee). Materials and methods: The blood of 8 healthy donors was irradiated (A - H) between 0 - 25Gy. For each donor, the PCC-R and Dic + caf tests were performed. The crops are Colcemide added 24 h after the start of the culture. PCC-R: cultured 48 hours by adding Calyculin 1 hour before processing. Dec + coffee: Caffeine was added 46 h after the start of the culture, 54 h was grown. Results and Discussion: Dic + coffee trial: the dose-response curve of donor A was statistically different from those of the rest of the donors; CV (7–15%) tended to decrease with the increase of the dose; no saturation was observed until the 25 Gy evaluated. In the PCC-R Test the curves of the donor A and B were different from the rest of the donors; CV (10-28%) tended to increase with the dose increase, saturation was observed in 2 donors from 15 Gy and in 3 donors from of 20 Gy. Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate greater interindividual variability in the PCC-R test with respect to the Dicenter plus Caffeine test.