[en] This report comprises summaries of 15 governmental investigations within the energy field, carried through during 1989 and 1990. It also includes the views of the considering bodies. (U.W.)

[en] Participation in EURATOM does not cause any major changes to the Swedish legislation. Regarding transport of radioactive waste, it is proposed that the law on radiation protection should encompass export of radioactive waste. Certain basic limitations in the right to export waste should also be included. Furthermore, it is proposed that the prohibition of final disposal of foreign radioactive wastes should be extended to include temporary storage awaiting final disposal. Controls of adherence to the EURATOM rules for supply of nuclear fuels and for safeguards will be implemented

[en] Proposals for amending the Nuclear Technology Act are given, and commented, in this report. The amendments will open the licensing procedures for public participation, obliging the operator to consult with concerned national and local authorities and interested organizations and individuals well in time before a license application is made. The consultation shall be performed in conjunction with the establishment of an environmental impact assessment. The authority preparing the licensing procedure should, as a part of this preparation, arrange to meet at the locality concerned, giving the public the right to comment the license application

[en] This Government bill that will be presented to the Swedish Parliament, gives the Government the right to revoke the licence of operating a nuclear power plant at a certain time. The operator is given the right to a financial compensation when the licence is revoked, in line with the rules in the expropriation laws. Safety aspects of operation of nuclear installations are not regulated in this law, i.e. the law can not be used when the operating licence is revoked due to safety reasons

[en] The purpose of this study is to estimate and discuss some of the policy-relevant effects of petrol tax changes. Our approach is to seek to separate the extent to which each of the following variables is affected by changes in the price of petrol: (i) car ownership (ii) car use (iii) petrol consumption per km. The estimates show that the sum of (i) and (ii) results in a price-elasticity with respect to 'car traffic' equal to -0.2 in the short run, and -0.3 in the long run. Because of possibilities to increase the fuel efficiency of cars, the price-elasticity of 'petrol demand' is substantially greater: -0.3 in the short run and of the order of -0.7 in the long run. One conclusion is: A petrol price rise is considerably more effective as a measure for energy and environmental policy than for transport policy. The effect of petrol tax changes to the total tax revenue is also discussed. At last, the regional welfare distribution effects are treated in the form of estimation of regional differences to the reduction in the consumers' surplus from a petrol price increase. 19 refs., 15 figs., 17 tabs

[en] The proposal is to amend the Nuclear Liability Act so that the nuclear operator liability has an unlimited liability. An insurance duty covering at least 300 million SDRs (about 3.1 billion SEK) is also proposed

[en] The Swedish policy and measures for mitigating the climatic change and an inventory of Swedish greenhouse gas emissions are reported. 80% of these emission are carbon dioxide, and the transport sector is responsible for 33% of the emissions. Emissions from the energy sector and industry have been reduced, while the emissions from transports are increasing. The Swedish forests are a carbon sink, with a net accumulation of about 30 M tons/year, which roughly corresponds to half the emission of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels

[en] Article 32 of the Joint Convention calls for a self-assessment by each Contracting Party regarding compliance with the obligations of the Convention. Sweden's self-assessment has demonstrated compliance with all the obligations of the Convention, as shown in detail in sections B to J of this report. The Swedish existing nuclear power programme is since a few years under strong development. Large amounts are being invested in the 10 remaining operating reactors to prepare for long term operation and major programmes are going on to upgrade and uprate the plants. The former regulatory authorities, the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI), and the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI), was merged into a new regulatory body, the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, July 01, 2008. The new authority has been tasked with the responsibility and tasks from SKI and SSI. These developments create new challenges for the safety work of the licensees as well as for the regulatory authority. Even though comprehensive and very active programmes for the management and disposal of spent fuel and radioactive waste have been established, many challenges remain. Over the next 5-15 years several new facilities will be sited, constructed and taken into operation, e.g. an encapsulation plant and a repository for spent fuel. These activities will require substantial efforts for both the nuclear industry and the regulatory bodies. The generally positive impression reported to earlier review meetings under the Joint Convention still stands. Therefore, Sweden would like to point out the following as strong features in its national nuclear practice: The responsibility for safety is clearly defined in the Swedish legal framework. In order not to dilute the responsibility of the licence holders, the Swedish regulations are designed to define requirements to be achieved, not the detailed means to achieve them. Within the framework given by the regulations, the licence holders have to define their own solutions, and demonstrate the safety level achieved to the regulatory bodies. The legislation clearly defines that all licence holders are responsible for the safe handling and disposal of spent fuel and radioactive waste, as well as for the decommissioning and dismantling of facilities. The operators of nuclear power plants must jointly carry out the research and development activities needed to ensure the safe handling and disposal of spent fuel and radioactive waste, as well as for the decommissioning of facilities. The RandD programme is presented to the Government regularly and is subject to regulatory review. The licensee of a nuclear facility which generate or has generated residual products must pay a fee to the Nuclear Waste Fund, which is subject to regulatory supervision, to ensure that resources are available for the handling and disposal of spent fuel and radioactive waste, and for the decommissioning and dismantling of the facilities. The legislation provides for public insight into the activities of the licensees and also provides an opportunity for stakeholders to receive financial support to participate in the ongoing consultations process to site a repository for spent nuclear fuel. The regulatory bodies have maintained and increased their resources and are further developing their regulatory practices. There is an open and generally constructive relationship between the regulatory bodies and the licence holders. Sweden also wishes to mention that there are areas in which improvements to the national waste management system are needed: The merger of SKI and SSI will pose challenges with regard to integrating the organisations and the regulatory practices. The resources of the regulatory body need to be strengthened in order to cope with the expected work load during the coming years. The implementation of the changes to the financing system as well as the regulatory review procedures related to the financing system need to be improved and modernised. Sweden is looking forward to reporting on this in its 2012 national report to the Joint Convention

[en] Questions to the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate from other member countries during the review process of the Convention on Nuclear Safety are answered in this publication

[en] This report is issued according to Article 5 of the Convention on Nuclear Safety. It has been produced by representatives from the Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI), the Radiation Protection Institute (SSI), and the two nuclear power utilities Vattenfall AB and Sydkraft AB. The Swedish Government assigned SKI the task of coordinating the work. Before submission to the Government the report was sent for comments to the nuclear industry, regulatory authorities in the energy field, industry organizations and environmental organizations. It was also discussed in the SKI Advisory Committee on Nuclear Safety and in the boards of SKI and SSI. The Swedish Government adopted the report on August 13, 1998. Part A of the report provides general information about the Swedish nuclear programme and a brief political history of nuclear power in Sweden, in order to give the reader a background to the governmental decision to start the phase-out of nuclear power with Barsebaeck 1 on June 30, 1998. Part B provides information as a basis for the conclusions drawn about the compliance with the obligations of the Convention. By necessity this information is rather brief and strongly focused on those aspects which are addressed in the articles. We have tried to provide enough details to make the Swedish practices understandable. Data that might be missing will be added on request in the review process. The general conclusions about the Swedish compliance with the obligations of the Convention are reported in the executive summary